Recording-2025-03-06T17:43:26

Gene

A sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and determines a characteristic.

Allele

Different versions of a gene that can produce variations in characteristics.

Dominant allele

An allele that expresses its trait even in the presence of a recessive allele.

Recessive allele

An allele that only expresses its trait when two copies are present (homozygous condition).

Homozygous

Having two identical alleles for a particular gene.

Heterozygous

Having two different alleles for a particular gene.

Phenotype

The physical expression or characteristics of a genotype.

Genotype

The genetic makeup of an organism, represented by the alleles it possesses.

Punnett Square

A diagram used to predict the genotype and phenotype combinations in genetic crosses.

Mendelian genetics

The set of principles related to inheritance patterns discovered by Gregor Mendel.

Incomplete dominance

A genetic situation in which one allele does not completely dominate another allele, resulting in a phenotype that is a blend of both.

Codominance

A genetic situation in which both alleles express their traits equally in the phenotype.

Locus

The specific location of a gene or allele on a chromosome.

Gamete

A haploid cell (sperm or egg) that fuses during sexual reproduction.

Diploid

A cell or organism that has two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

Haploid

A cell or organism that has a single set of unpaired chromosomes.

Segregation

The separation of alleles during gamete formation.

Pedigree

A diagram that depicts the genetic relationships and inheritance of traits in a family.

Carrier

An individual who has one copy of a recessive allele and does not express the trait but can pass it to offspring.

Phenylketonuria

A recessive genetic disorder that leads to the accumulation of phenylalanine and can cause intellectual disability.

Cystic fibrosis

A genetic disorder that affects the lungs and digestive system, caused by a recessive allele.

Achondroplasia

A genetic disorder that results in dwarfism, caused by a dominant allele.

Huntington's disease

A genetic disorder that leads to the progressive degeneration of nerve cells in the brain, caused by a dominant allele.

Pleiotropy

A situation where one gene influences multiple phenotypic traits.

Sickle cell disease

A genetic disorder that affects the shape of red blood cells, caused by a recessive allele.