The Executive Branch/State + Local Government(Unit 3)

Where's the Executive Branch found in the Articles of the Constitution?

-Article 2

What power does Congress have over the Executive Branch?

Override veto (2/3 vote), impeachment, confirm appointments, ratify treaties.

What powers does the President have over Congress?

Veto bills, executive privilege, nominates appointments, propose treaties.

What power does the Executive Branch have over the Judicial Branch?

Nominate judges.

What is judicial review?

The power of the Judicial Branch to review the constitutionality of laws.

What role does the President play in impeachment?

Presides over impeachment trials.

What is clemency in the context of the Executive Branch?

The President's power to grant lenience in punishment.

What is a presidential pardon?

Full forgiveness of a crime, applicable to federal crimes.

What is commutation?

The act of lessening a punishment.

What is a reprieve?

The act of postponing a punishment.

What was the old way of electing the President and Vice President?

1st Place: President, 2nd Place: Vice President

What amendment established the dual ticket system for President and Vice President?

12th Amendment

What does the dual ticket system refer to?

The President and Vice President run as a team.

What amendment established term limits for the President?

22nd Amendment

What are the term limits for the President according to the 22nd Amendment?

2 terms, 8 years

Do Congress members have term limits?

No, Congress members have no term limits.

Qualifications for Election

-Age: 35 years old
-Natural born citizen(soli/sanguinis)
-Residence: last 14 years

What is the Madisonian Model of power?

The President allows Congress to set policy.

Which presidents are associated with the Madisonian Model?

James Madison, Carter, George Bush (Sr).

What is the Hamiltonian Model of power?

It ignores Congress and relies on public opinion for support.

Which presidents are associated with the Hamiltonian Model?

Abe Lincoln, Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, FDR, Truman, JFK, Reagan, Clinton.

What is the Jeffersonian Model of power?

Leads through the party, with the party setting policy.

Which presidents are associated with the Jeffersonian Model?

Thomas Jefferson, James Monroe, John Quincy Adams, McKinley, Hoover.

What is the Jacksonian Model of power?

Leader of the 'common man' and protector of the Constitution.

Which presidents are associated with the Jacksonian Model?

Andrew Jackson, Martin van Buren, Polk, Pierce, Harding, Coolidge.

What is the role of the President as Commander in Chief?

The President is responsible for military operations and has the authority to commit troops.

What does the War Powers Act allow?

It allows for a short-term commitment of troops for a maximum of 60 days, after which the President must seek Congressional approval for an additional 60 days.

What is the role of the President as Chief Executive?

The President issues executive orders that have the binding force of law.

What is an executive order?

An executive order is a directive issued by the President that has the force of law but does not require Congressional action.

Are executive orders subject to judicial review?

Yes, executive orders are subject to judicial review.

Who issued the fewest executive orders?

William Henry Harrison issued the fewest executive orders, with a total of 0.

Who issued the most executive orders?

Franklin D. Roosevelt issued the most executive orders, with a total of 3,721.

What is the President's responsibility regarding the budget?

The President prepares the budget for Congressional approval.

What must the President do to declare a state of emergency?

The President must declare a state of emergency to send FEMA; otherwise, authorization must come from the governor.

What is the President's role in legislation?

The President can veto or propose legislation and delivers the State of the Union address.

What are inherent powers?

Inherent powers are powers that belong to the office of the President, not to the individual, and are inherited for the term.

What is Executive Privilege?

The President may resist warrants from other branches.

How does Executive Privilege relate to the separation of powers?

It is ruled as an element of the separation of powers.

What limitations on Executive Privilege were established by U.S. v. Nixon (1974)?

The Supreme Court ruled that the President must comply if evidence is essential for a trial.

What was the Watergate Scandal?

It involved burglars breaking into the Watergate hotel, traced back to Nixon, who was nervous about re-election.

What is the term limit for U.S. Presidents?

2 terms of 4 years each (consecutive or non-consecutive)

What does the 22nd Amendment state about presidential terms?

More than 2 years counts as 1 term for yourself; less than 2 years counts as 2 terms.

Who had the shortest presidential term?

William Henry Harrison (March 4, 1841 - April 4, 1841)

Who had the longest presidential term?

Franklin D. Roosevelt (March 4, 1933 - April 12, 1945)

Which U.S. Presidents served non-consecutive terms?

Grover Cleveland (1885-1889, 1893-1897) and Donald Trump (2017-2021, 2025-2029)

What are delegated powers?

Powers that are specifically granted to the federal government.

What are reserved powers?

Powers that are only used by the states.

What are concurrent powers?

Powers that are shared by both the federal and state governments.

Which article of the US Constitution addresses state powers?

Article 4

What type of political entity is Virginia?

Virginia is a Commonwealth.

What is the Virginia State Constitution known for?

It includes the Declaration of Rights.

What is the Virginia Bill of Rights?

It is part of the Declaration of Rights in the Virginia State Constitution.

How many sections does the Virginia State Constitution have?

It has two sections.

What are the two sections of the Virginia State Constitution?

Fundamental Laws and Statutory Laws.

What do Fundamental Laws in the Virginia State Constitution pertain to?

They pertain to the administration of the state.

What do Statutory Laws in the Virginia State Constitution refer to?

They refer to laws passed by legislation.

Who is the current Governor of Virginia?

Glenn Youngkin

What is the minimum age requirement to be Governor of Virginia?

30 years old

How long must a candidate be a resident of Virginia before running for Governor?

1 year

What is the term length for the Governor of Virginia?

4 years

Can a Governor of Virginia serve consecutive terms?

No

What power allows the Governor of Virginia to reject legislation?

Power of the veto

What is a Line Item Veto?

The ability to eliminate parts of a bill

How can a veto by the Governor be overturned?

By a 2/3 vote in the General Assembly

How often does the Governor of Virginia prepare a budget?

Every 2 years

What is the name of the speech given by the Governor addressing the state?

"State of the Commonwealth" speech

What can the Governor of Virginia declare during a crisis?

State of Emergency

What authority does the Governor have during a State of Emergency?

Enforce martial law

What is one form of executive clemency the Governor can grant?

Pardon

Who is the current Lieutenant Governor of Virginia?

Winsome Sears

Can the Lieutenant Governor of Virginia serve consecutive terms?

Yes

How is the Lieutenant Governor elected in relation to the Governor?

Independently

What is the role of the Lieutenant Governor in the Senate?

President of the Senate

Who is the current Attorney General of Virginia?

Jason Miyares

What is the Attorney General's position in line for Governor?

2 in line

What is one of the responsibilities of the Attorney General of Virginia?

Head of the Department of Law

What is the name of the Virginia Legislature?

General Assembly

What are the chief responsibilities of the Virginia Legislature?

Pass laws/taxes, elect judges, confirm appointments, grant charters for counties

What is the structure of the Virginia Legislature?

Bicameral

How many districts are in the Virginia House of Delegates?

100 districts

What is the term length for members of the Virginia House of Delegates?

2 years

How many districts are in the Virginia Senate?

40 districts

What is the term length for members of the Virginia Senate?

4 years

What is the administrative code of Virginia?

It outlines how the Virginia government operates and applies only to government employees.

What does the Virginia criminal code encompass?

The laws of Virginia that apply to all citizens.

How are judges elected in Virginia and South Carolina?

Judges are elected by the legislative.

What are the two types of courts in the judicial state branch?

State and district courts.

What is the lowest court in the judicial state branch?

Magistrate court.

What is the highest court in the judicial state branch?

State supreme court.

What is the judicial district number for OC?

Judicial district 16.

What is a constitutional requirement for the Virginia budget?

The Virginia budget must be balanced (money in must equal money out).

Which committee originates the Virginia budget?

The Senate Finance and Appropriations Committee.

What is the biggest source of revenue for the Virginia budget?

Personal taxes.

What are two major expenditures in the Virginia budget?

Education and proceeds from lottery tickets.

What are county governments based on?

Charters from the General Assembly

What principle established county governments in 1868?

Dillon's Rule

What does Dillon's Rule state regarding state control over local issues?

States have the right to control local issues and can take over if local government cannot provide for its citizens.

Who must approve all decisions made by local government?

The General Assembly

What is Dillon's Rule?

Dillon's Rule states that local governments do not have inherent powers and can only exercise powers granted to them by the state.

When was Dillon's Rule established?

Dillon's Rule was established in 1868.