BLUEPRINT PART 3

22.5 percent

The percentage of infants aged 0 to 23 months who are stunted according to the 2023 National Nutrition Survey

12.4 percent

The percentage of infants aged 0 to 23 months who are underweight according to the 2023 National Nutrition Survey

6.8 percent

The percentage of infants aged 0 to 23 months who are wasted according to the 2023 National Nutrition Survey

21.3 percent

The percentage of school-age children aged 5 to 10 years who are underweight according to the 2023 National Nutrition Survey

17.9 percent

The percentage of school-age children aged 5 to 10 years who are stunted according to the 2023 National Nutrition Survey

12.9 percent

The percentage of school-age children aged 5 to 10 years who are overweight and obese according to the 2023 National Nutrition Survey

20.7 percent

The percentage of adolescents aged 10 to 19 years who are stunted according to the 2023 National Nutrition Survey

12.5 percent

The percentage of adolescents aged 10 to 19 years who are overweight and obese according to the 2023 National Nutrition Survey

UndFirst 1000 days

What is the critical window of opportunity spanning from preconception to age 2 where inadequate nutrition causes irreversible stunting

Stunting

What chronic form of malnutrition peaks early in life, persists, and causes lifelong cognitive and economic limitations

Overweight and obesity

What form of overnutrition aggressively expands into the school-age and adolescent years in the Philippines

Triple burden of malnutrition

What public health term represents the coexistence of undernutrition, hidden hunger, and overnutrition

13.3 percent

What is the prevalence of anemia among preschool-aged Filipino children in the FNRI 2018 Expanded National Nutrition Survey

21.1 percent

What is the prevalence of zinc deficiency among preschool-aged Filipino children in the FNRI 2018 Expanded National Nutrition Survey

Lower IQ

What specific developmental impact is seen in children suffering from chronic iron deficiency

Functional medicine

What systems-based clinical approach focuses on identifying and addressing the root causes of malnutrition rather than just treating symptoms

Odometer

What functional medicine metaphor represents traditional medicine's sole focus on outputs like weight, height, and BMI

Under the hood

What functional medicine metaphor represents the investigation of engine root causes like gut dysbiosis and nutrient gaps

Anthropometry, biochemical evaluation, clinical examination, and dietary assessment

What four clinical evaluations are represented by the ABCD acronym in the pediatric nutrition care pathway

Weight-for-age

What anthropometric parameter acts as the primary indicator for acute malnutrition

Height-for-age

What anthropometric parameter acts as the primary indicator for chronic malnutrition

Weight-for-length

What growth standard chart is used to assess acute malnutrition and obesity in children under 2 years of age

Weight-for-height

What growth standard chart is used to assess acute malnutrition and obesity in children aged 2 years and older

Mid-upper arm circumference

What serial measurement is used to detect changes in body composition, particularly useful in bedridden or medically fragile patients

Left or non-dominant arm

What is the preferred arm used for measuring mid-upper arm circumference

Acromion and olecranon

What two skeletal landmarks are measured to locate the midpoint of the arm for MUAC tape placement

WHO growth charts

What specific growth charts are mandated by Philippine law for the primary care setting

Z-scores

What statistical metrics ranging from -3 to +3 are used to interpret pediatric growth indicators on WHO charts

Weight faltering

What warning sign is defined as a fall in weight-for-age by 1 z-score within 1 month, indicating a growth problem

Albumin

What serum protein with a long half-life of 21 days is heavily affected by inflammation and is a slow marker for malnutrition

Prealbumin

What acute-phase protein with a short half-life of 2 days is a sensitive, expensive marker of current nutritional status

Pure malnutrition

What nutritional state is indicated by low serum albumin combined with low C-reactive protein

Inflammation

What physiological state is indicated by low serum albumin combined with elevated C-reactive protein

Total lymphocyte count

What immunologic laboratory marker is depressed in severe malnutrition but also altered by chemotherapy or trauma

Iron, iodine, zinc, Vitamin A, and Vitamin D

What five micro-nutrients and trace elements are most commonly found to be deficient in Filipino children

Fluid, muscles and fat, skin, nails, hair, and head or orofacial areas

What six physical components are examined during a nutrition-focused physical exam

Lean body mass, adipose tissue, and fluid accumulation

What three biological areas are given priority attention during a clinical nutrition exam

Prominence of bones

What physical sign in the back muscle group indicates very low musculature when a patient pushes against a wall

Temporalis and calf muscles

What facial and lower extremity muscles are palpated to assess lean muscle wasting

Clavicles, ribs, arms, and buttocks

What four upper and lower body areas are palpated to assess subcutaneous fat depletion

Weaning from a feeding bottle should begin by 1 year of age

What is the clinical recommendation for the timing of bottle weaning to prevent dental caries

Acrodermatitis enteropathica

What zinc-absorption disorder presents as growth failure, alopecia, diarrhea, poor appetite, and allergic skin lesions

20 to 40 mg per day

What is the recommended daily dose of zinc supplementation required to treat acrodermatitis enteropathica

Dysgeusia

What is the medical term for a distorted sense of taste that can lead to a poor appetite in zinc-deficient children

Cheilosis with angular stomatitis

What oral lesions present as vertical cracks on the lips and red, flaky skin at the corners of the mouth, indicating Riboflavin, Niacin, or Vitamin B6 deficiency

Spoon nails or koilonychia

What nail finding is characterized by thin, upward-curving nails indicating iron or Vitamin C deficiency

Brittle hair

What hair finding presents as coarse, wiry hair at the occiput indicating Vitamin C deficiency

Bitot's spots

What foamy white conjunctival spots indicate Vitamin A deficiency

Night blindness

What is an early clinical sign of Vitamin A deficiency where kids fall or bump into things in a dark room

Fat-malabsorption, chronic diarrhea, and malabsorption syndromes

What three clinical conditions predispose pediatric patients to Vitamin A and D deficiencies

Frequency, duration, pumped volume, and breast fullness pre- and post-feedings

What four details must be collected in a breastfeeding dietary history

24-hour dietary recall

What quick, qualitative dietary assessment tool is useful when no other nutrition data exists

3 to 7 day food diary

What structured caregiver-recorded food diary is used to capture day-to-day variability in food intake

60 to 70 percent carbohydrates, 10 to 15 percent protein, 20 to 30 percent fats

What macronutrient distribution is recommended in the Pinggang Pinoy guidelines for children

GOTOIT Gather

What GOTOIT step is aimed at practicing mindfulness, building a therapeutic relationship, and gathering history

Medical Symptoms Questionnaire

What functional medicine intake tool uncovers overlooked clinical concerns by letting patients prioritize their symptoms

GOTOIT Organize

What GOTOIT step involves mapping clinical details onto the functional medicine matrix and timeline

Functional Medicine Matrix

What mapping tool covers assimilation, defense and repair, energy, biotransformation, transport, communication, and structural integrity

GOTOIT Tell

What GOTOIT step is where the clinician retells the patient's story to build a collaborative therapeutic partnership

GOTOIT Order

What GOTOIT step is where next diagnostic and therapeutic steps are prioritized based on clinical dialogue

GOTOIT Initiate

What GOTOIT step is where functional assessments, education, and therapeutic interventions are commenced

GOTOIT Track

What GOTOIT step is where outcomes are reassessed at each visit and the care plan is updated

Sustained expected weight gain velocity without supplements after attaining normal z-scores

What is the ultimate long-term clinical goal of pediatric nutritional therapy

5210 Rule

What pediatric obesity prevention behavioral formula is developed to guide families on daily activity, diet, and screen limits

Vitamin D 400 IU and Fluoride 0.25 mg per day

What two primary micronutrient supplementations are indicated for exclusively breastfed infants from birth to 6 months of age

Iron-fortified cereals

What first solid food is recommended to be introduced at 5 to 7 months of age when infant head control is established

Pincer grasp

What fine motor developmental milestone occurring at 7 to 10 months dictates when finger-feeding chopped cooked foods can begin

Transition to whole milk and family table foods

What nutritional milestone is recommended at 12 months of age

Choking hazards

What are whole grapes, raisins, raw carrots, and nuts considered to be for infants and toddlers

Gaining 35 g per day or weight-for-age in the 95th percentile

What clinical triggers indicate pediatric overweight in infants

Grazing

What toddler behavioral risk of consuming constant snacks and fluids 6 times a day overrides internal hunger signals

Division of responsibility

What pediatric feeding framework states that the parent decides what, when, and where to eat, and the child decides how much

Food chaining

What systematic therapy introduces new foods incrementally by building on the sensory properties of already-accepted foods

Speech and occupational therapists

What interdisciplinary team members specialize in pediatric feeding and sensory therapies

Structural eating, portion calibration, active output, and sedentary limits

What four core interventions make up Prevention Plus for school-aged children

Structural eating

What family environmental architecture intervention requires a daily breakfast and mandatory family meals

Portion calibration

What environmental intervention adjusts portion sizes based on age, such as shifting from 3 tablespoons to 1/2 cup of vegetables

Active output

What behavioral target requires a minimum of 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity daily

Sedentary limits

What behavioral limit restricts screen time to 2 hours or less per day and eliminates sugar-sweetened beverages

Peak height velocity

What rapid growth spurt occurs 6 to 12 months before menarche in girls, and later during puberty in boys

90 percent of ideal body weight

What is the minimum biological weight standard required in adolescent girls for menses to occur or resume

The Female Athlete Triad

What clinical syndrome of energy deficit, amenorrhea, and decreased bone mineralization is seen in active adolescent girls

Sports anemia

What form of iron deficiency anemia in active adolescents is caused by erythrocyte destruction during intensive training

Iron, Calcium, Vitamin D, and Folate

What four persistent micronutrient gaps and deficiencies are most common in adolescents

90 to 110 percent of ideal body weight

What is the general healthy weight target range for adolescents

Weekly to biweekly

What initial weight monitoring frequency is recommended for an underweight or anorexic adolescent until stable

Serum lipids

What laboratory test is requested for an adolescent with a BMI in the 85th percentile combined with a high-fat diet history

Serum calcium, Vitamin D, and alkaline phosphatase

What laboratory tests are requested for an adolescent who is amenorrheic or has been on steroids for over 1 month

Assess perception, roll with resistance, affirm positive behaviors, and elicit patient-led goals

What four steps make up the Motivational Interviewing communication loop for adolescents

Translating clinical goals into motivating translations linked to autonomy

What key communication strategy is used when counseling adolescents on lifestyle modifications

Sarcopenia and visceral adiposity

What two primary metabolic complications are driven by chronic lack of regular physical activity in youth

At least 2 days a week

What is the minimum weekly frequency for muscle-strengthening resistance activities under WHO guidelines

10 PM to 1 AM

What specific sleep window is identified as the most valuable for recovery and growth in the LEARNS sleep routine

Friendships

What social connections are proven to regulate cortisol and autonomic function in teenagers

Responsive caregiving

What caregiving style recognizes a child's hunger and satiety cues, promoting self-regulation of eating

Quantity, quality, and stability

What three dimensions of friendships support health in school-age children

Kaizen

What Japanese philosophy focuses on small, atomic, gradual, and sustainable continuous improvement over time

Person below 18 years of age, or over 18 but unable to fully care for themselves due to mental or physical disability

What is the statutory definition of a child under Republic Act 7610

18 years old

What is the age of majority in the Philippines when a person legally becomes an adult

Republic Act 7610

What is the Special Protection of Children Against Abuse, Exploitation and Discrimination Act