THE Science Biology Quiz Flashcards

Answer with DEFINITION

What is the cell theory?

1. The cell is the basic unit of life.

2. All organisms are composed of one or more cells.

3. All cells come from pre-existing cells.

Prokaryotic Cells

a type of cell whose organelles are not surrounded by membranes and have no nucleus (unicellular)

Eukaryotic Cells

a type of cell whose organelles are surrounded by membranes, has a nucleus, and can be multicellular or unicellular.

Unicellular Organisms

organisms made up of one cell, can be made of eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells.

Multicellular Organisms

organisms made up of more than one cell, all made up of eukaryotic cells.

Characteristics of Living Things

1. Living things respond to their environment.

2. Living things need energy.

3. Living things grow.

4. Living things reproduce.

5. Living things must get rid of waste.

What are organelles?

Parts of a cell that allow for it to survive.

A

mitochondria

B

cytoplasm

C

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

D

chloroplast

E

ribosomes

F

Golgi body

G

cell wall

H

cell membrane

𝙸

vacuole

J

nucleus

1

nucleus

2

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

3

Golgi body

4

cell membrane

5

vacuole

6

lysosomes

7

mitochondria

8

cytoplasm

9

ribosomes

function of cell membrane

regulates movement of particles in and out of the cell

description of cell membrane

thin membrane that surrounds all the organelles

function of cytoplasm

contains organelles, H2O, and other life supporting materials

description of cytoplasm

jelly-like substance within the cell

function of nucleus

controls all activity within the cell and contains DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

description of nucleus

located near the centre of the cell, has its own membrane that encloses contents

function of mitochondria

energy producers in the cell, “the powerhouse”

description of mitochondria

open structure that has an inner + outer membrane, bean shaped

function of ribosomes

assembles and produces proteins

description of ribosomes

dot-like structures found scattered throughout cytoplasm or on/near the ER

function of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

assists in protein synthesis

description of endoplasmic reticulum

network of folded membrane-covered channels surrounding the nucleus, folds of a fan

function of Golgi body

sorts proteins and packs them into vesicles

description of Golgi body

stack of flattened pancakes/sacs

function of vesicles

carries proteins, nutrients, and water into and out of the cell

description of vesicles

small circular membrane bound structures

function of vacuoles

temporary storage compartments (sometimes for waste)

description of vacuoles

membrane bound structure that is larger in plant cells than animals

function of lysosomes

breaks down food particles, cell wastes, and worn out organelles

description of lysosomes

sphere like, membrane bound organelle only found in animal cells

function of cell wall

protects the cell and gives cells shape (only in plant cells)

description of cell wall

tough rigid structure, gives plant cell a box-like shape

function of chloroplasts

change’s sun energy into chemical energy, in charge of photo-synthesis

description of chloroplasts

membrane bound organelle with stack of green “coins” (only found in plant cells)

What are the organelles that only appear in the plant cell?

cell wall and chloroplasts

What are the organelles that only appear in the animal cell?

lysosomes

What is the equation for the process of cellular respiration?

food (glucose) + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy that can be used by living things

What is the equation for the process of photosynthesis?

light energy (sun energy) + carbon dioxide + water → food (glucose) + oxygen

What is diffusion?

the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

What is concentration?

the amount of substance in a given space

How can substances pass through the cell membrane?

They can pass through because the cell membrane is a selectively permeable membrane.

What is one way substances move through the cell membrane?

By diffusion

What is it called when the concentration on both sides of the membrane is the same?

Equilibrium

What is osmosis?

The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

When does osmosis occur?

When water particles move from a high water concentration to a lower water concentration.

How do cells gain and lose its needed water?

osmosis

Which way will water flow when equilibrium is reached?

The water will flow back and forth.

Is osmosis a type of diffusion?

Yes