Apush period 1 test

Europe before 1492 (1.1)

Hundred Years’ War (1337-1453), Black Death (1346-1353), life expectancy was only 30 years of age, limited trade, pope had huge influence, Protestant reformation (early 1500s- during age of explorations) crossroads of trade between Europe and Asia

The world before 1492(1.1)

Asia was the most unified continent, they wanted to take wealth from china, they as in other countries, everyone had different cultures, languages every thing different, and they had to adapt

How did people get here (1.2)

First people used a land bridge called Beringia which connected Asia and Alaska hunted large animals like woolly mammoths, started to look for smaller animals, berries, nuts and fish as people migrated more south

Agriculture (1.2)

The 3 sister’s method- squash maize and beanstalk, most important crop was maize because it took less space to grow

Great Basin (1.2)

Great Basin people followed a more nomadic lifestyle, hunted bison did not focus on agriculture

Northeast (1.2)

Mixed agriculture and hunting, Iroquois confederacy

Mississippi River Valley(1.2)

Cahokia, large urban center, trade networks

Southwest (1.2)

Pueblo(Anasazi) used irrigation for maize

Pacific Northwest(1.2)

Chinook fishing societies

Great Basin and western Great Plains (1.2)

Faced harsh environments and never stayed in a specific area did not focus on agriculture

northeast and Mississippi River valley(1.2)

Developed mixed agriculture and hunter economy’s

Northwest and pacific coast(1.2)

Relied on fishing and not necessary nomadic

European exploration motives(1.3)

Desire for wealth from gold and silver and valuable resources like spices, the 3 Gs- gold, god, glory, more land=more wealth =more power, they wanted better ships, innovation of printing press

Christopher Columbus(1.4)

He believed he could reach Asia by sailing west across the Atlantic, asked Portugal to fund his voyage but they said no and he was later funded by Spain, his first voyage led him to The Bahamas and he made 4 total voyages, he also initiated the Columbus exchange

European explorers(1.4)

Juan ponce de Leon-Spanish explorer and governor of Puerto Rico, he searched for fountain of youth, claimed Florida for Spain in 1513,

Hernan Cortes- Spanish conquistador, conquered the Aztecs and claimed Mexico for Spain

Economic and military competition(1.4)

They look for the pope for guidance and he was Spanish so he helped the Spanish more and an example is the treaty of tordesillas

The Colombian exchange (1.4)

Was very important because it was the exchange of goods, effects were- native population died a lot bc of small pox 90% was dead, European life expectancy increased bc of foods, horses revolutionized hunting.

Spanish colonial social structures(1.5)

The encomienda system allowed Spanish colonists to receive land in exchange for natives labor (slavery),

Spanish caste system (1.5)

Peninsulares-top of the pyramid and they were Spaniards and white people,

Creobes-also white and born in new Spain

Mestizos-not white not at top of the pyramid

Natives and Africans- the very bottom

Enslaved Africans(1.5)

When Africans were being sent over 25% of ships died due to The conditions they were held in, they worked on the sugar plantations

transatlantic slave trade(1.5)

After transatlantic trade sugar plantations were created and more labor was needed, brought Africans to America

Native Americans resistance (1.6)

Europeans forced natives into slavery and the natives resisted a lot,

asiento system (1.6)

Spanish brought enslaved people from West Africa. They required the Spanish to pay tax to the king on each enslaved person that was imported and it started in 1518. Originally endorsed by las casas but he later ended up regretting saying this.

New laws 1542(1.6)

Adopted in response to protests by las casas, ended indigenous slavery, put an end to Encomienda system