exam 2- mutations

Gene

Segment of dna that contains instructions for building proteins

Genome

A humans complete set of dna

Karyotype

A complete set of chromosomes

Chromosomes

Long tightly coiled strands of dna (contains genes)

Silent mutation

A mutation that changes the amino acid sequence but has no affect on the final protein

Missense mutation

A change in the amino acid sequence that does make a change in the final protein

Nonsense mutation

A mutation that causes the gene to code for a stop codon cutting the gene short

Frame shift

A change in the amino acid sequence that causes a change in the reading frame of the final protein

Chromosomes rearrangement

Inversion

Translocation

Two amino acids switching places in a chromosome

amino acids from other chromosomes joining

The good to bad scale- good

The least frequent

Improves changes of reproduction

The good to bad scale-

Neutral

Most frequent

Neither reduces or improves chances of reproduction

The good or bad scale-

Bad

Reduces the chances of reproduction