Roosevelt and Race Relations, 1933-45

What was the Great Migration?

From 1880 to 1910, 500,000 black people fled the South

Percentage of African Americans living in Northern states in 1920?

40% living in Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland, Ohio

Change in African American NY population during 1930s?

In 1910, there was 91,000 by 1930 there was 300,000

By 1910-30, how many African Americans migrated to the North?

1.6 million

What happened in WW2 with migration?

2 million migrated from the south to North boom defence industries like Detroit

By 1936, how many African Americans voted for FDR?

76%

Growth and successes of the NACCP

By 1914 had 6000 members and 50 branches, it won equality in the military and 700,000 black men registered for the draft in WW1

What was the UNIA?

Established by Jamaican Marcus Garvey in Harlem in 1916, militant black supremacist beliefs, Garvey deported in 1927

Who was A Philip Randolph?

Set up Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, organised March on Washington, FDR passed Executive Order 8802 desegregating defence industries and forming the FEPC

What was the Black Cabinet?

Group of federally appointed black American officials, to help plan priorities for the black American community – Mary McLeod Bethune, William Hastie, Robert Weaver, Robert Vann

Which bill was repeatedly unsuccessful during 1918-1924?

Anti Lynching Bills – failed due to Southern Democrat filibusters, Gavagan bill, Costigan-Wagner Bills all failed

How did the AAA discriminate against African Americans?

Evicted sharecroppers and tenants (around 800,000 were African Americans) and 200,000 were evicted

How many African Americans were part of the CCC?

200,000 and 180 were from Harlem

How much did the PWA spend on African Americans?

$65 million

By 1940, what was the percentage of African Americans in the PWA?

30%

How many African Americans did the WPA employ and how many Black teachers taught?

350,000, 5000 African American teachers and 250,000 African Americans being taught

How many African Americans did the New Deals help?

6 million

How did the New Deals exclude African Americans?

Excluded domestic workers who were 3/4 African Americans

How did the WPA discriminate against African Americans?

In the South, only 11 out of 10,000 supervisors were African Americans

How did FERA discriminate against African Americans?

African American relief was 30% lower than whites

How did states like Atlanta discriminate against African Americans?

Gave $32 to whites and $18 to African Americans in relief funds

Voting percentage in South by 1941?

3%of eligible African Americans able to vote.

Lynching during 1901-29?

Over 1200 lynched

What happened in the 1935 Harlem Riot?

1 African American dead and 200 injured

What was the wage difference in the North and South in 1918?

In the North, an African American would gain $3.25 daily, whereas in the South it was 75 cents