Organ Systems and Their Functions

Lungs

: Responsible for gas exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide) during breathing.

Oxygen is absorbed into the blood, and carbon dioxide is expelled

Larynx

: The voice box located at the top of the trachea, responsible for sound production

and helping to protect the trachea against food aspiration.

Trachea

: The windpipe that connects the larynx to the bronchi of the lungs, allowing the

passage of air

Heart:

Pumps blood throughout the body, supplying oxygen and nutrients while

removing carbon dioxide and other wastes.

Rib:

Protects vital organs (like the heart and lungs) within the thoracic cavity and

supports the upper body

Diaphragm

: A muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity; it

contracts to help draw air into the lungs during inhalation.

Liver:

Processes nutrients from the digestive system, detoxifies chemicals, metabolizes

drugs, and produces bile for digestion.

Stomach

: Breaks down food with stomach acids and enzymes, starting the digestion of

proteins

Spleen:

Filters blood, recycles red blood cells, and helps fight infections by storing white

blood cells and platelets.

Pancreas:

Produces digestive enzymes that help break down carbohydrates, proteins,

and fats in the small intestine, and also secretes insulin to regulate blood sugar.

Colon (Large Intestine):

Absorbs water and electrolytes from indigestible food matter,

and forms solid waste (feces) to be excreted

Umbilical Arteries:

Carry deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta.

Small Intestine:

The primary site of digestion and nutrient absorption. It breaks down

food using enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the liver

Gall Bladder:

Stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver, releasing it into the

small intestine to aid in the digestion of fats.

Umbilical Vein:

Carries oxygenated, nutrient-rich blood from the placenta to the fetus