stages of Cell Respiration + Fermentation

Where does glycolysis take place in

cytosol

What’s the input of glycolysis

glucose, 2 NAD+ and 2 ADP + Pi

What are the outputs of glycolysis

2 pyruvate, 2 NADH, and 2 ATP

How much ATP does glycolysis directly produce

2 ATP

What does glycolysis contribute to the electron transport chain?

Glycolysis contributes 2 NADH, which are used in the electron transport chain to generate additional 5 ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.

2 NADH= 5 ATP

What is the electron transport chain

A series of protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane that transfer electrons from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen, generating ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.

What is the transition stage of cellular respiration

Pyruvate oxidation

What are the inputs of pyruvate oxidation

2 pyruvates

What are the outputs of pyruvate oxidation

2 acetyl-CoA, 2 NADH, 2 CO2

Where does pyruvate oxidation take place

entering the mitochondrial matrix

How much ATP does pyruvate oxidation directly make

0

however, it contributes to the production of ATP in the Krebs cycle.

how does pyruvate oxidation contribute to the electron transport chain

Produces 2 NADH, which is then used in the electron transport chain to generate 5 ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.

2 NADH= 5 ATP

What are the inputs of the citric acid cycle

2 Acetyl CoAand 4 carbon molecules (oxaloacetate)

What are the outputs of the citric acid cycle

2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, and 4 CO2

Where does the citric acid cycle take place?

mitochondrial matrix

How much ATP does the citric acid cycle directly produce

2 ATP per cycleor 2 ATP per glucose molecule

How does the citric acid cycle contribute to the electron transport chain?

Produces 6 NADH to make 15 ATP and 2 FADH to make 3 ATP which then drives ATP synthesis

6 NADH = 15 ATP

2 FADH 2 = 3 ATP

What is Fermentation

An anaerobic process where energy can be released from glucose without oxygen, resulting in the production of either ethanol or lactic acid.

Where does fermentation take place in the cell?

cytosol

What is the cytosol

The fluid portion of the cytoplasm that surrounds the organelles

What’s the difference in alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation

Alcoholic fermentation produces 2 ethyl alcohol and 2 carbon dioxides

Lactic acid fermentation produces lactate.

What’s the similarities in alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation

Both take an input of glucose and 2 pyruvates also both generates 2 ATP

What are the differences between cellular respiration and fermentation

1. Cellular respiration fully oxidizes glucose to produce up to 36 ATP, while fermentation partially breaks down glucose without oxygen, yielding only 2 ATP.

2. Final electron acceptor: in FERMENTATION → Organic molecules and in CELLULAR RESPIRATION → Oxygen (O2)

What are the similarities between cellular respiration and fermentation

1. Both involve glycolysis- having an input of glucose produce ATP

2. convert glucose into energy under anaerobic or aerobic conditions.

3. Role of NAD + : NAD+ molecules take electrons (e-) or H’s off molecules like sugars and fats to help proceed in producing ATP