Coverage of Forensic Review

Victim's Body

In case of drowning, which is the usual object of interest of crime?

Burned areas with deepest intensity or the apparent origin of the fire as seen by witness or firemen at the alleged point of origin of the fire.

As a forensic photographer, below are the photographs you need to take during the progress of the fire, EXCEPT?

ISO 400

Which is the best ISO setting for early in the morning, late in the afternoon, nighttime and indoor?

By stretching a white cord or string

How can you show the path of the bullet from the body to apparent point of discharge or from the body to the bullet hole walls or ceiling or where imbedded and recovered?

Over-all view

In the crime of hanging, if the body was found undisturbed, the photograph that will help determine the manner of death is in _________ of the body and the rope taken at torso and foot level. Show the length of the body to the ground.

They require more light to make an exposure.

Which is NOT an advantage of Digital Photography?

Identification photographs

It should be an accurate likeness of the subject, from which he can be recognized by witnesses or police officers.

Photomicrography

It is taking a magnified photograph of small object through attaching a camera to the ocular of a compound microscope so as to show a minute detail of the physical evidence.

Anastigmatic lens

Use to correct for astigmatism but with higher degree of correction to color.

Wide Angle Lens

A lens with a focal length of less than the diagonal of its negative material-this lens will have a wide area of coverage but produces a small image size.

Lens Diaphragm

Found in between the lens component of a camera which can be expanded or constricted by moving a turning ring on the lens barrel.

Focal Point

Defined as the physical point at which rays of light from a lens converge to form a properly defined image of the subject.

Shutter Speed

The length of time light is allowed to hit the sensor.

Side by Side comparison

Many people cannot see points of identity or difference until objects that are compared are placed side-by-side.

Compression Time

A still photograph speaks as one of the brief instants of time and even a motion picture only records a definite period of time

Expert Witness

It is a person with specialized skills sets whose opinion may help the court make sense of the factual evidence of a case.

the tracing ridge runs or goes inside or above the right delta and there are 3 or more intervening ridges

When we say that the tracing of a Central Pocket Loop whorl is Inner?

Modified Method

In this method, the lines preceding the numbers are names of the corresponding ridge characteristics or their equivalent abbreviations are written.

Forensic Odontology

What is the proper handling, examination, and evaluation of dental evidence, which will be presented in the interest of justice?

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

What is the meaning of DNA?

Exclusion

Identification of person can be done either by comparison or by ____?

Unchanging

Principles of constancy in fingerprint science means that fingerprint is ___.

Principle of constancy

The papillary ridges are immutable, perennial from third month of the embryonic period till decomposition sets in after death.

The one that is farthest from the delta

When a loop pattern has an even number of bars (2) inside the looping ridge, which of these will be selected as core?

A

In major division, which of the following symbols is not expected?

All fingers except the thumb

Are rolled away from the body of the subject.

Capital letter “T”

In secondary division, what should be written if Tented arches are found in the index fingers?

Inner Loop

What is the interpretation of a ridge count on the left ring finger that reaches 10?

Outer whorl

Is the type in which the tracing ridge is below the right delta and there are three intervening ridges?

Incipient Ridge

A ridge that is thin or fine compared to other regular ridge which is not included as a ridge count even it has been cross by the imaginary line; Unusual type of ridges found in small percentage of pattern.

W

Symbol used to represent a plain whorl?

X

In blocking the fingerprint pattern, what should be the symbol of an accidental whorl pattern appearing at index fingers?

Blocking

It is a process of writing below each pattern of the corresponding symbol of the fingerprint pattern in the spaces provided in the card conspicuously and in capital letters purposely.

32/32

This is the maximum answer in primary division if all fingers belong to whorl pattern.

At Least One

In order for a pattern to be considered as loop it should have a ridge count.

Evidence

Refers to any material object introduced in a trial for the purpose of proving a fact in issue based on its demonstrable physical characteristics.

Chain of Custody

Record of all the individuals who maintained unbroken control over certain items of evidence collected from the crime scene.

Evidence Room

A secured facility in which evidence related to criminal cases or investigations are stored?

Evidence Custodian

A person keeping and preserving the chain of custody of each item of evidence submitted by the examiner?

Forensic Science

It deals with the application of science to legal matters and crime solving?

Forensic Toxicology

It deals with the examination of human internal organs, food samples and water and gastric contents for the purpose of detecting the presence of poisonous substances, its dosage, effects, and treatment.

Forensic Drug Analysis

The process of identifying and quantifying specimens of illegal drugs. These forensic drug tests are carried out via screening and confirmation for the purpose of analysis.

Drug Chemist

A specialist who conducts chemical analyses of evidence confiscated during criminal investigations, which involve dangerous drugs and clandestine labs.

Petrographic Analysis

Refers to the use of a polarizing microscope to determine the optical properties of crystalline mineral substances.

Tools Marks

Are impressions or marks produced by a tool or instrument on a receptive surface?

Individual Characteristics

It is also called accidental characteristics, are the striations exhibited by the tool, which are unique to a certain tool?

Class Characteristics

It includes its general shape, the type of impression, and its general dimensions. It allow the examiner to identify what type of tool created the impression and how the mark was created.

Slipped Impression

Occurs as the tool is dragged across the surface, resulting in toolmarks comprising a series of striations running parallel to each other, following the direction of the drag?

Mongoloid

Hairs of this origin are straight, regularly coarse and circular, with a wider diameter than the other racial groups.

Negroid

Hairs of this origin are curly or kinky, have a flattened cross section, and can appear wavy, curly, or coiled.

Fiber

It is the smallest single unit that forms the basis of a textile yarn?

Questioned Document

Is one where the source of authenticity of material is disputed.

Forgery

Refers to the act of simulating or copying or tracing somebody's signature without the permission of the latter.

Laser Method

A new method of tracing which is a product of advances in a field of photography using coherent or aligned spectrum of light which can trace more accurately writings called hologram.

Speed and Pressure

Because the pen is moving slowly rather than with dynamic movement associated with most genuine writings the ink line remains constant in thickness, resulting from the same constant pressure exerted on slowly moving pen.

Piloncitos

Small bead-like gold bits considered by local numismatists as the earliest coin of the ancient Filipinos and gold barter.

Finger movement

Letters are formed by the actions of the thumb, index and the middle finger.

Block Style

Letters of the alphabet are capitalized.

Forearm movement

The elbow is the pivotal of lateral movement.

Mechanical factors

Such as the writing instrument, the quality of the paper, the writing surface, the position of the writer when writing, poor lighting and other unsatisfactory conditions.

Individual Characteristics

The particular idiosyncrasies of the individual.

Hand movement

It involves the action of the hand as a whole and the wrist is the pivotal of lateral movement.

Cursive writing

The writing is flowing, running and the letters are joined.

Whole arm movement

It involves the action of the entire arm without rest and employed in very large writing.

Extensor muscle

Push up the pen to form upward strokes.

Hydrosphygmograph

The instrument invented by Cesar Lombroso for the purpose of detecting lies is ______.

there is no standard rule

The reason of polygraph examination is not admissible as evidence in court is that ______ for examination.

Galvano graph

The component of the Polygraph that records Skin Resistance of the subject is ______.

Kymograph

The chart drive mechanism that pulls the polygraph paper at an average speed of 6 inches per minute - modern polygraph is ______.

Polygram

The composite record of the pneumograph, galvanograph and cardiosphygmograph tracing recording from one series of questions is known as ______.

Physiology Data Acquisition System

Which system that acquire and transforms the physiological data monitored by the different sensors attached to the particular part of the subject's body.

Sphygmomanometer Dial

The sensor of polygraph that displays operating ______ pressure on cardio channels is ______.

98%

The University of Utah, stated that the accuracy of polygraph examination is ______.

inadmissible

The result of polygraph examination is ______ in court as evidence.

Polygraph examiner

The Physiological changes could be recorded by the Polygraph Instrument and diagnosed or evaluated by the ______.

Psychoanalytic (Scientific)

The theory state that test question which requires greater cognitive load, will produce the largest physiological response is ______ theory.

Differential Salience

The theory that describes the relationship between the level of psychological importance and intensity of the physiological response is ______ theory.

Cognitive – Behavioral

Which theory suggests that truth-telling requires simple cognitive and emotional task demands than deception?

Plethysmograph

Which sensor of polygraph machine that measure the blood pulse volume?

Parasympathetic NS

The part of the body that responsible for rest and digest response that inhibits the body from overworking and restores the body to a calm and composed state is ______.

Pneumograph

Which polygraph component that records respiration tracings?

Lower Pneumograph

Which component of polygraph machine that records changes ______ in abdominal respiration?

Motion

Refers to the mobility or movement of the projectile from the time it leaves the shell empty, it leaves the gun muzzle and until it reaches its target or fall in the ground.

Interior ballistics

It treats the motion of the projectile while it is still inside the firearm (chamber/barrel) which extends from the breech to the muzzle.

Recoil

The equal and opposite reaction of the gun against the forward movement of the bullet upon explosion or the backward or rearward movement of the gun in relation to the forward movement of the bullet.

Terminal accuracy

Badhie a businessman is a victim a robber and got killed. According to the autopsy report, Badhie’s cause of death is the two gunshot wounds he received. The size of the bullet grouping on his body is considered as ______.

Ballistics

The science of the motion of the projectile and the condition that affects their motion.

Jump

The backward and upward movement of the gun that takes place before the bullet leaves the muzzle.

Projectile

Any metallic or non-metallic ball which is propelled from a firearm.

Direct Motion

Is the forward motion of the bullet or shots out of the shell by the action of the expansive force of gases from a burning gunpowder.

Exterior ballistics

Treats of the attribute or movement of the projectile after leaving the gun muzzle.

Rotatory Motion

The action of the bullet passing through a rifled bore barrel firearm which is either twisted to the left or to the right.

Translational

The action of bullet once it hits a target and subsequently ricocheted.

Accurate range

The distance within which the shooter or gunner has control of his shots.

Muzzle blast

The noise created at the muzzle point of the gun due to the sudden escape of the expanding gas and its contact with the air.

Muzzle energy

Energy generated at the muzzle point measured in foot-pound.

Trajectory

The parabola-like flight of the projectile from the time it leaves the muzzle until it hits the target.

Terminal energy

Is the energy or force of the projectile when it strikes the target same as striking energy.

Plain

There are several kinds of inked impressions which are taken simultaneously in the third lower portion of the finger chart are called ___ impression.

There must be two or more deltas

The following are the characteristics of the loop, except: