U9 Science Quiz

Carbon

Carbon can form 4 stable bonds, allowing complex molecules.

Four biomolecules

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids.

Function of carbohydrates

Provide quick energy (e.g., glucose).

Function of lipids

Store long-term energy, make up cell membranes.

Function of proteins

Structure and enzymes, made of amino acids.

Function of nucleic acids

Store and transmit genetic info (DNA/RNA).

Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Prokaryotes lack a nucleus; eukaryotes have a nucleus and organelles.

Three parts of the Cell Theory

All living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, all cells come from pre-existing cells.

Proper steps for using a light microscope

Turn on → Place slide → Focus → Turn off/return scope.

Function of cytoplasm

Jelly-like fluid inside the cell.

Function of nucleus

Controls cell activities.

Function of ribosomes

Make proteins.

Function of mitochondria

Produces ATP energy.

Function of lysosomes

Breaks down waste and debris.

Function of chloroplasts

Site of photosynthesis in plant cells.

Function of vacuole

Stores water and nutrients; large in plant cells.

Function of cell membrane

Regulates what enters and exits the cell.

Function of cell wall

Provides structure and protection (only in plants).

How are plant and animal cells different

Plants have a cell wall, chloroplasts, and large vacuole; animals don't.

What is ATP

Adenosine Triphosphate, main energy molecule.

How is energy stored in ATP

In the bonds between phosphate groups.

How do cells use ATP

Break a phosphate bond to release energy, converting ATP to ADP.

Define enzyme

A protein that speeds up a chemical reaction.

Define catalyst

A substance that speeds up reactions without being used up.

What is the active site

The part of the enzyme where the substrate binds.

Define substrate

The molecule an enzyme acts upon.

What is competitive inhibition

Inhibitor binds to the active site, blocking the substrate.

What is noncompetitive inhibition

Inhibitor binds elsewhere, changing enzyme shape.

How do enzymes help cells

Speed up necessary chemical reactions.

Why are enzyme inhibitors important

They regulate reactions, preventing overactivity.