Cardiac Function - Quest 2

Mediastinum

space between the lungs. It contains the heart, esophagus, trachea, great blood vessels, and other structures.

Superior Mediastinum

thymus, great vessels, vagus and phrenic nerves, trachea, esophagus

Inferior mediastinum

divided into anterior, middle, and posterior parts

Inferior anterior mediastinum

pericardium and sternum

Internal thoracic vessels

Lymphatic vessels and nodes

Thymus in children

Inferior middle mediastinum

Heart and pericardium

Great vessels origin

Inferior posterior mediastinum

Posterior pericardium to posterior thoracic wall

Descending thoracic aorta

Azygos veins

Esophageal plexus

Sympathetic trunk/nerves

Esophagus

Thoracic cage

12 Paris of ribs and 12 thoracic vertebrae

Sternum

Sternum

- Manubrium

- sternum angle

-body

- xiphoid process

Thoracic outlet or inlet

Jugular notch

(supra sternal) an important anatomical landmark located

in the superior portion of the manubrium

Axillary Vein

Cephalic veins

VAN

vein, artery, nerve usually paired in that order and inferior to ribs

Internal thoracic artery

Originates from proximal subclavian

- Feeds anterior chest

Cornoary graphs

LIMA to LAD

RIMA-PDA/RCA/LAD

phrenic nerve (C3-C5)

Esophageal hiatus

where the esophagus passes through the diaphragm

Inferior phrenic artery

branch of the abdominal aorta; supplies blood to the inferior surface of the diaphragm

PMI

point of maximal impulse

- 5th intercostal space on midclavicular line

8 great vessels

pulmonary artery, svc, ivc, aorta, 2 lrv, 2 rvv

SVC is formed by

Right and left brachiocephalic veins (T2) and azygos veins (T4) drains into RA at (T5)

Left pulmonary artery is connected to aortic arch via

Ligamentum teres

Aortic sinus

AKA sinus of valsalva

- TAVAR valves

Aortic sinus allows what?

Recess for valve leaflets to retract allowing unrestricted BF

When does the RCA and LCA receive bf

Diastole

What is the heart in during 1/3rd of the cardiac cycle

Systolic

What is the heart in during 2/3rd of the cardiac cycle

Diastole

Sinutubular junction

Virtual annulus is defined by

Basal attachments of the vascular leaflets

Inferior Vena Cava

L and R common iliac veins merge to form IVC

- L5 corses through diaphragm

-T8 course superiority and enter posteroinferior to RA

The thymus is the most anterior portion of superior and middle mediastinum

TRUE

The phrenic nerve is accompanied by what?

Pericardiophrenic artery which is a branch of mammary artery and empties into the subclavian

Phrenic Nerve

Originates C3-C4

Intervates diaphragm

Paces adjacent to heart

- Leak currents from pacing leads w/in cardiac veins

- damage due to abalation R phrenic passes near RSPV

- LAA closures Lt phrenic passes over LA appendage

SLIDE 19 of Thoracic Anatomy