Bio - fossil record, deep time, natural selection, speciation

What are fossils?

Fossils are the preserved remains of plants, animals, and other organisms.

What is an example of fossils?

Preserved body parts, footprints, droppings, eggs.

Most of what we know about deep time comes from where?

Fossil Record

True or False

The top layer has the oldest fossils and the bottom layer has the youngest fossils.

False

The BOTTOM layer has the oldest fossils and the TOP layer has the youngest fossils.

How long has Earth existed?

4.6 billion years

The fossil record is caused by layers of muck that solidified with _____organisms stacked on top of the _____ organisms.

new

old

When Darwin was sailing around the world what did he collect?

Plants and Animals

What did Darwin notice?

There were similar organisms in different places (different living conditions)

What is adaptations?

the evolutionary process of natural selection that makes organism fit to their environment

Darwin observations led to what theory?

Evolution by Natural Selection

What is an example of an organism of a species vary?

When one bird might have a wider beak than his brother

True or False

If a different trait varies it will be passed down to the offspring

True

True or False

If the trait helps the individual survive and reproduce, it will have more offspring and its genes will spread slower. There will be more individuals with that trait later.

False

If the trait helps the individual survive and reproduce, it will have more offspring and its genes will spread FASTER. There will be more individuals with that trait later.

Natural selection leads to what?

evolution

Organisms that are better suited to their environment are more likely to survive and __________ to pass on the genes that helped them survive and _________.

Reproduce

True or false

Natural selection causes species to change over time and eventually become new species.

True

What is artificial selection?

selection under human direction

What is structural adaptation?

When part of an organism's body structure is visibly different

ex: Color, pattern, shape of body part, teeth

Less obvious structural adaptations include what?

Camouflage and Mimicry

What is Physiological Adaptations?

When there are Reactions happening inside the body to adapt to the environment

What is Behavioral Adaptation?

When organisms do thing in order to survive.

What are the 3 types of adaptations?

structural, physiological, behavioral

Evolution is defined as what?

a change in allele frequencies

What is an allele frequency?

When the proportion of each allele at a gene/locus in a population

What is a Gene Pool?

all the alleles in a population

True or False

A population is a group of individuals of the same species in the same area

true

True or False

Carriers have the allele but don't express the trait

true

True or False

Alleles that are good for survival can be maintained in a population if they are dominant because individuals can be carriers

False

Alleles that are BAD for survival can be maintained in a population if they are RECESSIVE because individuals can be carriers

Speciation is a result of what?

Evolution

Speciation is the process of what?

by which new species are generated

True or False

Speciation can occur only in one way

False

Speciation can occur in a number of different ways

What is the two most influential cause of speciation?

allopatric speciation and geographic separation

True or False

Allopatric speciation occurs when a species is split geographically

True

True or False

Sympatric speciation is often due to changes in mating behaviors or timing/phenology

True

What is Reproductive Isolation?

the inability of two species to successfully interbreed and produce fertile offspring

Is Reproductive Isolation sympatric or allopatric?

sympatric

What is Geographic Isolation?

When two of the same species are in different places by natural causes

Is geographic Isolation sympatric or allopatric?

allopatric

What is Behavioral Isolation?

When two of the same species have different mating behaviors

Is Behavioral Isolation sympatric or allopatric?

sympatric

What is Temporal Isolation?

When two of the same species can only mate at certain times, these times differ.