Cell Biology and Tissues Practice

Vocabulary flashcards based on the lecture notes covering cellular components, tissue types, and the basics of the nervous system.

Cell

The cell is the basic structural, functional and genetic unit of all living organisms.

Main parts of a cell

Cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus.

Cell membrane

It controls what enters and leaves the cell.

Cytoplasm

It is the site of many chemical reactions.

Nucleus

It controls the cell and contains DNA.

DNA

DNA stores genetic information.

RNA

RNA helps make proteins.

DNA vs. RNA

DNA is double-stranded and has thymine. RNA is single-stranded and has uracil.

Mitochondria

They produce ATP and provide energy.

ATP

ATP is the main energy source of the cell.

Ribosomes

They are the site of protein synthesis.

Golgi apparatus

It modifies, packages and secretes proteins.

Rough ER

It transports proteins.

Smooth ER

It produces lipids.

Lysosomes

They digest waste using enzymes.

Vacuoles

They store water, nutrients and waste.

Chloroplasts

They carry out photosynthesis.

Tissue

A tissue is a group of similar cells working together to perform a specific function.

Four basic tissue types

Epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous tissue.

Function of epithelial tissue

Protection, absorption, secretion and filtration.

Epithelial tissue types

Simple, stratified and glandular epithelium.

Simple epithelium

One layer of cells.

Stratified epithelium

Many layers of cells.

Glandular epithelium

Epithelium that forms glands and secretes substances.

Function of connective tissue

It supports, connects and protects.

Six connective tissues

Loose, dense, adipose, cartilage, bone and blood.

Function of muscle tissue

It contracts to produce movement.

Three muscle types

Skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle.

Skeletal muscle

The voluntary muscle type.

Smooth and cardiac muscle

Involuntary muscles.

Cardiac muscle

Muscle found only in the heart.

Function of nervous tissue

It receives information and sends nerve impulses.

Neuron

The basic unit of the nervous system.

Neuroglia

Supporting cells of the nervous system.

CNS

Central nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.

PNS

Peripheral nervous system consisting of all nerves outside the brain and spinal cord.

Sensory nerves

They carry impulses to the CNS.

Motor nerves

They carry impulses from the CNS to muscles and glands.

Reflex

A fast automatic response to a stimulus.

Thymine

Base found only in DNA.

Uracil

Base found only in RNA.