Medieval Period Unit Test

nation state

large group of people sharing common language, territory, and government

fief

lang given to as a reward

magna carta

document severely limited king's powers, noblemen drafted it then forced the king to sign it in 1215 AD

tithe

church tax

reconquista

christians mission to force muslims out of spain

hierarchy

structure of officials with decreasing power

feudalism

church controlled land, also had power to tax

manorial system/manor

economic system linking nobles and peasants to their land

william the conqueror

wins the battle of hastings, fought cousin harold for english throne (this is known as the norman conquest)

charles martel

led franks in battle of tours, ensured survival for christianity in europe

henry ii

reformed english justice system (common law)

charlemagne

1st holy roman emperor

king john of england

weak and abusive leader, magna carta created because of weak leadership

freemen

skilled manor workers, not bound to the land

hugh capet

french leader, expanded french kingdom

serfs

manor workers bound to the land

joan of arc

french girl that had divine visions, lead french army to victory in hundred year war. burned at the stake.

cardinals

advisors to the pope

king phillip of spain

expanded spanish empire

alfred the great

responsible for anglo saxon chronicle (history of anglo-saxon people) also 1st chronicle written in the language of the people

ivan iii of russia (czar-tsar)

drives out the mongols to establish independent russian nation

pope

supreme authority in catholic church

pope urban ii

called for crusades

genghis khan aka chingg khan

united mongols and helped create biggest empire in history

who meets at the battle of hastings and what are they fighting for? who won?

brother in law harold and cousin william. fighting for englilsh throne. william won.

who wrote the magna carta?

the nobles. they got together because of johns poor leadership. written in 1215, forced king to sign it to limit his power.

what was the major concept in the magna carta?

limited kings powers and gave more power to the people, gave concept of "due process of law"

who were the two sides fighting in the hundred years war? why were they fighting?

england and france. they were fighting over territory

why did joan of arc ask to lead the french army into battle aganist english?

because god told her to lead the french into battle

what ultimately happened to joan of arc?

she was captured by the english, tried for witchcraft, and burned at the stake

what three religions felt jerusalem to be a sacred city and why?

christians-site of jesus crucifixion and resurrection, jews-location of soloman's temple, islam-site of dome of the rock

what was the main goal of the crusaders from europe?

to free the holy land from muslim control

how many people did the black death kill in europe?

1/3 of the population, 25 million

what were the major effects of the black death?

enormous decline in population, labor shortage, trade disrupted, loss of faith in church, starvation

how did mongols rule those they conquered?

nicely. allowed them to keep their language, customs, and religions

what was the final blow to the byzantine empire that leads to the fall of constantinople?

1453 AD, ottoman turks take over constantinople; end of byzantine empire

how did the roman catholic church play a role in the economy?

had the power to tax it's people

what was power based on during the medieval period?

owning land

what is the difference between the two main groups of manor workers?

serfs worked the land by contract (couldn't leave). freemen worked the land and could leave

why was the battle of tours critical to european development?

it ensured the survival of christianity in europe

why was the anglo saxons chronicle important?

because it's the 1st chronicle written in language of the people; alfred the great

what are the vikings most well known for? where were they from?

being expert shipbuilders and sailors. from scandinavia

what were the papal states?

land that pepin the short donated to the pope

why did the roman catholic church grow in importance during the early medieval period?

it was seen as the source of leadership and stability

why did the peasants freely give their land to nobles during this time?

in exchange for protection

why is the third crusade called crusade of kings? what happens on this crusade?

because the 3 monarchs; kings, came to help. 2 bailed and couldn’t compete with muslims.