Unit 6 ig idk

initiative

when citizens place new legislation

referendum

to place legislation that has recently been passed by a legislature on a ballot for a popular vote

bias

favoring or supporting one thing over something else to skew information

clickbait

false advertisement designed to catch a reader's eye

distortion

selective presentation of facts or misinformation to portray a situation differently to how it really is; guided by bias

fake news

press misinformation

propaganda

manipulative info that persuades readers to believe certain ideas

How does bias impact a voter's vote?

If someone sees perceivable misinformation that tends to be true, it's more than likely they'll swing towards that side of bias due to the source's distortion, propaganda, or general fake news.

How do candidates use how bias impacts voters?

Candidates will try and put out misinformative things about their competition to make themselves look like the better option to vote for.

How do informed voters try to combat candidate manipulation?

Informed voters can tell when there's some sort of bias in a source and will look for unbiased, level-headed platforms, websites, and ads among other online interfaces that wouldn't spew misinformation.

Who could vote at America’s founding?

Free, white, landowning men over the age of 21.

By 1783, because of who's case did Massachusetts' Consitution allow all male citizens to vote?

Paul Cuffee

No vote?

No representation

Voting rights changed in what two ways?

- by changing the state laws
- by amending the U.S. Constitution.

When did New Hampshire get rid of the property requirement?

1792

When did Rhode Island get rid of the property requirement?

1843

When was the 13th Amendment passed?

1865

What did the 13th Amendment effectively do?

end slavery and made it illegal to own a slave

Why were Black Codes passed?

Black codes were passed to limit what black people could and could not do.

Why were the Reconstruction Acts passed?

Congress would pass the Reconstruction Acts to give black men the right to vote and run for political office.

Side note: During the reconstruction, almost 2,000 Black men held political office.

What were Union Leagues?

secret organizations that mobilized free men to vote

What were Union Leagues organized around?

Union Leagues were organized around political issues that were important to black communities like education, land rights, and serving on juries.

When was the 15th Amendment passed?

1870

What did the 15th Amendment effectively do?

The right of citizens of the United States to vote weren't to be denied, on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

When did Reconstruction end?

1877

What did the prohibiting of Reconstruction effectively do?

limited black people from voting

The 3 main things made to prevent colored people from voting

- literacy tests (tested on reading skills)
- poll taxes (pay to vote)
- Grandfather Clause (if your grandfather could vote, you could)

When was the 19th Amendment passed?

1920

What did the 19th Amendment effectively do?

19th Amendment would be passed to allow people of any sex to be able to vote. Mostly women, white black, and natives among others would have to work to earn their right to vote.

Despite being native to the land, members of the Native nations were not considered citizens of the United States until?

1924 with the Indian Citizenship Act

Before, they were only considered members of their own tribal governments.

When was the 23rd Amendment passed?

1961

What did the 23rd Amendment effectively do?

give residents of Washington, DC the right to vote

When was the 26th Amendment passed?

1971

What did the 26th Amendment effectively do?

changed the voting age from 21 to 18

When was the 24th Amendment passed?

1964

What did the 24th Amendment effectively do?

ban the use of poll taxes in elections

What did the Voting Rights Act (1965) do?

protect the right to vote for all citizens, force the states to obey the constitutions, and reinforced the 15th Amendment made prior

What did the amended version (1975) of the Voting Rights Act do?

protect “language minorities” like Latinos, Asians, and American Indians by requiring that states provide ballots and information in additional languages

Why is Shelby County V. Holder important?

this case removed some of its protection; some parts of the voting rights act were deemed unconstitutional. 5 Judges agreed, and 4 disagreed.

Which war influenced the 26th Amendment?

Vietnam War