social studies praxis practice

who discovered Vinland around 1000 AD?

Leif Erikson

Who sailed to the Americas in 1492?

christopher columbus

what was the main goal of many European explorers?

to find the northwest passage to asia

what were Spain’s main motives for exploration?

gold and the northwest passage to asia

What were France’s main motives for exploration?

spread Christianity and find the northwest passage

What were England’s main motives for exploration?

colonization and the Northwest passage

who conquered the Aztec Empire?

Hernan Cortes

What was the first permanent English colony?

Jamestown (1607)

What was the first permanent Puritan settlement?

Plymouth colony (1620)

Who founded Rhode Island?

Roger Williams (advocated for religion freedom)

What was the House of Burgesses?

The first legislative assembly in the American colonies

Who founded Pennsylvania?

William Penn

When were the first enslaved Africans brought to Jamestown?

1619

What ship brought the Pilgrims to America?

The Mayflower

What was the Mayflower Compact?

An agreement establishing self-government and majority rule

What phrase summarized colonial anger toward British taxes?

Taxation without Representation

What act required colonists to house British soldiers?

Quartering Act

Which amendment was later created in response to the Quartering Act?

Third Amendment

What event occurred on March 5, 1770?

Boston Massacre

What event occurred on March 5, 1773?

Boston Tea Party

Who organized the Boston Tea party?

Sons of Liberty

Name three famous Sons of Liberty members

Samuel Adams, John Hancock, Paul Revere

What battle started the Revolutionary War?

Lexington and Concord (1775)

Who primarily wrote the Declaration of Independence?

Thomas Jefferson

When was the Declaration of Independence adopted?

July 4, 1776

What battle was the turning point of the Revolutionary War?

Battle of Saratoga

What battle ended the Revolutionary War?

Siege of Yorktown

What treated ended the Revolutionary War?

Treaty of Paris

What was America’s first constitution?

Articles of Confederation

What was the biggest weakness of the Articles of Confederation?

Weak central government

What document was added to gain support for the Constitution?

Bill of Rights

What was the Three-Fifths Compromise?

Counted enslaved people as 3/5 of a person for representation and taxation.

What replaced the Three-Fifths Compromise?

Fourteenth Amendment (everyone born in the U.S. is a citizen and has equal rights under the law.)

What was the Magna Carta?

English document establishing rights of liberty, security, and property.

First U.S. President?

George Washington

Second U.S. President?

John Adams

Which president completed the Louisiana Purchase?

Thomas Jefferson

Which president led during the War of 1812?

James Madison

What was the Manifest Destiny?

Belief that the US was destined to expand across North America

What was the Louisiana Purchase?

Purchase of 827,000 square miles from France in 1803

Who explored the Louisiana Territory?

Lewis and Clark

What did the Erie Canal connect?

Atlantic Ocean and Great Lakes

What was the Oregon Trail?

Major migration route from Missouri to Oregon

What event began after gold was discovered in California in 1848?

Gold Rush

What was the Trail of Tears?

Forced relocation of Native Americans to Oklahoma

Which president signed the Indian Removal Act?

Andrew Jackson

Who led Nat Turner’s Rebellion

Nat Turner

What issue primarily divided the North and South before the Civil War?

Slavery

Who was the president during the Civil War?

Abraham Lincoln

What ended the Civil War?

Robert E. Lee’s surrender at Appomattox court house.

What did the 13th Amendment do?

Abolished slavery

What did the 14th Amendment do?

Granted equal protection and citzenship

What did the 15th Amendment do?

Protected voting rights regardless of race

Who was the top union general?

Ulysses S. Grant

Who was the top confederate general?

Robert E. Lee

What is industrialization?

The shift from farming economy to manufacturing economy

What is urbanization?

movement from rural to urban areas

Who invented the cotton gin?

Eli Whitney

Who built a steel empire?

Andrew Carnegie

Who dominated the oil industry?

John D. Rockefeller

Who wrote the communist Manifesto?

Karl Marx

What did the Chinese Exclusion Act do?

Banned Chinese labor immigration

What did the Sherman Antitrust do?

Outlawed monopolies (only one company sells a product or service in a certain area, and there’s no real competition)

What event sparked WWI?

Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

What ship’s sinking helped push the US into WWI?

Lusitania

Who was the president during WWI?

Woodrow Wilson

What did Schenck v United States do?

Speech creating a “clear and present danger” is not protected under the first amendment

What event triggered the Great Depression?

Stock Market Crash of 1929

What was the Dust Bowl?

Severe drought and dust storms in the Great Plains

What was the New Deal?

Franklin D. Roosevelt’s programs to fight the Great Depression

Who was the president during most of the Great Depression?

Franklin D. Roosevelt

What event brought the US into WWII?

Pearl Harbor attack

Who were the Axis Powers?

Germany, Italy, Japan

Who was the major Allied Powers?

United States, Great Britain, Soviet Union, and China

What was D-Day?

Allied invasion of Normandy in 1944

What was the Manhattan Project?

Development of the atomic bomb

Which cites received atomic bombs?

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

What was containment?

US policy to stop the spread of communism

What was the Truman Doctrine?

Aid to nations threatened by communism

What was the Marshall Plan?

Economic aid to rebuild Europe

What was NATO?

Military alliance of North America and Europe

What was the Soviet response to NATO?

Warsaw Pact

What was the Berlin Airlift?

air delivery of supplies to West Berlin

What launched the Space Race?

Sputnik (1957)

What was the Bay of Pigs?

Failed US backed invasion of Cuba

What was the Cuban Missile Crisis?

closest point to nuclear war during the cold war

Who helped end the Cold War in the Soviet Union?

Mikhail Gorbachev

What supreme court case ended school segregation?

Brown v Board of Education

Who were the Little Rock Nine?

Nine black students attending an Arkansas high school

What did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 do?

banned discrimination

What did the Voting Rights Act of 1965 do?

protected voting rights and banned literacy tests

What were Jim Crow laws?

laws enforcing racial segregation

Which case established “separate but equal”?

Plessy v Ferguson

arable

producing crops

terrace farming

invented by the Inca, steps are built on hilly or mountainous areas

crop rotation

planting different crops to maximize the nutrients in the soil

sustenance

producing what is needed for self and family

intensive farming

small areas of land, high inputs of resources

Extensive farming

large areas of land, low inputs of resources

the equator

divides the Earth into the Northern and Southern hemispheres