APHG Topics 1.1 - 1.3 Vocabulary

Vocabulary flashcards covering Introduction to Maps, Geographic Data, and the Power of Geographic Data from APHG Topics 1.1 to 1.3.

Reference Map

A map designed to show the absolute location of places and geographic features using a frame of reference such as latitude and longitude.

Thematic Map

A map that displays the spatial pattern or distribution of a specific theme or geographic phenomenon, such as population density, climate, migration, or economic activity.

Clustering

A spatial pattern in which people, objects, or activities are grouped closely together in a concentrated area.

Dispersal

A spatial pattern in which people, objects, or activities are spread out across an area.

Elevation

The height of a location above or below sea level, which influences climate, vegetation, and human activity.

Map Projection

A method used to represent the curved surface of the Earth on a flat map, which always results in some form of distortion.

Distortion

Inaccuracy on a map caused by projecting the Earth’s curved surface onto a flat surface, affecting shape, size, distance, or direction.

Mercator Projection

A cylindrical map projection that accurately shows direction and shape over small areas but greatly distorts the size of landmasses near the poles.

Robinson Projection

A map projection designed to balance distortions of size, shape, distance, and direction, creating a more visually accurate representation of the world.

Gall-Peters Projection

An equal-area map projection that accurately represents the relative size of landmasses but distorts their shapes.

Cartographic Scale

How the distance on a map compares to the actual distance on Earth. Often expressed as a ratio, fraction, or graphic scale. ex: 1 inch= 1 mile

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

Computer-based technology used to collect, store, analyze, and display spatial and geographic data through layered digital maps.

Remote Sensing / Satellite Imagery

The collection and analysis of geographic data from a distance, commonly using satellites, drones, or aircraft to produce images and information about the Earth’s surface, land use, environmental conditions, and spatial change over time.

Satellite Navigation System (GPS)

A satellite-based system that determines the precise absolute location of places or objects using latitude and longitude coordinates.

Field Observation

The direct study and collection of geographic information through on-site investigation and observation of people, environments, and spatial patterns.

Census Data

Official population data collected by governments that provides demographic, social, and economic information about a population.

Scale of Analysis

The level at which geographic phenomena are examined, Scale of analysis = the size/level of the area you're analyzing.

Local → Regional → National → Global
small → bigger → bigger → biggest

which can influence how patterns and relationships are understood.