IFR Regulations

When is an instrument rating required?

When acting as PIC in less than VFR conditions

When carrying passengers for hire on a XC flight greater than 50NM or at night

In Class A airspace

For SVFR clearence between sunset and sunrise

When can you log instrument time?

Instrument time can be logged for flight time that is in reference to instruments under actual or simulated IFR conditions

What is needed to act as PIC in IFR?

6 instrument approaches

Holding

Intercepting

Tracking through the use of nav systems

What information needs to be logged in your logbook for 6 HITS

Location

Type of IAP

Name of safety pilot (if required)

Can 6 HITS be done in a sim?

No flight instructor needed

Simulated conditions

Category class type pilot is rated for

PIC Currency

A flight review every 24 calendar months which consists of 1 hour of ground and 1 hour of flight training in an aircraft you are rated for

What are some substitutes for a flight review

Proficiency check

Checkride

FAA WINGS program

Can a flight review be done in a sim?

Part 142 Training center

In category class, type of aircraft pilot is rated for

Carry PAX as PIC

3 T/Os and landings in category, class and type in the last 90days

1 hour after sunset to 1 hour before sunrise 3 T/Os and landings to a full stop

Can carry PAX as PIC be done in a sim?

Part 142 Training center

In category class, type of aircraft pilot is rated for

What if 6 months goes by and you dont have 6 HITS done?

You have 6 months to due it with a safety pilot in VFR conditions not on an IFR flight plan

To act as a safety pilot you need

• Dual controls in right seat

• PPL with category class, type for aircraft and medical

• Proper vision of aircraft

6 months goes by and you dont have 6 HITS done in a sim

Flight instructor needed

Simulated conditions

Category class type pilot is rated for

How is the time logged with the safety pilot

One gets to log the XC time

IP gets to log the full flight time as PIC

SP gets to log the flight time under the hood

After 12 calendar months what needs to occur?

IPC

This is done with a CFII or examiner and you have to do another instrument checkride that is similar to 6 HITS

What do you need to do to log an IAP?

Be established on each leg of the IAP (IAF, IF, FAF) down to its published minimums (unless radar vectored by ATC or safety pilot in simulated conditions)

Go down to the DA/MDA

If conditions change from IFR to VMC you can still log it

What inspections are required for IFR?

P - Progressive inspections
A - Annual - 12 calendar months
A - ADs
A - Altimeter
S - Static system
T - Transponder
E - Encoder - 24 calendar months
E - ELT - 12 calendar months
S - Supplemental type certificate inspections

What information do you need to become familiar with before flying IFR NWKRAFT?

N - NOTAMs
W - Weather reports and forecasts
K - Known ATC delays
R - Runway legnths
A - Alternates
F - Fuel requirements
T - Takeoff and landing data

No person may operate an aircraft IFR in CA unless?

Filed an IFR Flight plan

Received an appropriate ATC clearance

Can you fly IFR into class G without a clearance?

Taking off into uncontrolled airspace without an IFR clearence was ruled as reckless by the NTSB

How can you file an IFR flight plan?

FSS - Over the phone, by radio

Online - 1800wxbrief.com, skyvector.com

Foreflight

ATC

How in advance do you need to file IFR flight plans?

30 mins before scheduled time of departure

4 hours before est departure time if above FL 230

When can you cancel a flight plan?

Towered airports - Automatically done upon landing

Non-Towered airports - Contact ATC or FSS

Cancel anytime outside of IMC and Class A

What are the IFR fuel requirements?

Fuel from departure to destination airport

Fuel from destination to alternate (if using an alternate)

Fuel from 45min at normal cruise

What is meant by the different A’s and T’s when it comes to approach minimums

T - Non standard TO mins or departure procedures

A - Non standard alternate minimums apply check the TPP

(No A) - Standard alternate minimums

A NA - Cant use this approach as an alternate due to unmonitored airport or no WX reporting another approach at the same airport may be avaliable

When do you need to file an alternate?

An alternate is always required unless (both are met)

An IAP is published and available for the destination

Weather within 1 hour before and 1 hour after ETA is 2000ft ceilings with 3SM of visibility

What are the minimum weather conditions required at an alternate?

Use the alternate airport minima published in the procedure charts or if none/std:

Precision - 2SM and 600ft of vis
Non-Precision - 2SM and 800ft of vis

If no IAP at alternate, then descent from MEA to airport VFR

If not flying with a non WAAS GPS one of the approaches at alternate or destination cannot both be GPS

If we get to the destination airport and the ceiling is below mins can we shoot the approach what about the vis?

If the ceiling is below mins we can shoot the approach

If the flight visibility is below mins we cannot shoot the approach

What GPS minima should be considered for flying to an alternate?

Non WAAS GPS - GPS avaliability can be allowed at either but not both

WAAS without baro VNAV - Flight plans based on LNAV or circling minima at alternate

WAAS with baro VNAV - LNAV/VNAV or RNP .3 are allowed for the flight plan’s alternate but it (requires special authorization & RNP avaliability)

What are the takeoff mins for Part 91

There are no takeoff mins meaning you can depart with 0 ceiling and 0 visibility

Unless mandated by DPs

What are the takeoff mins for Part 121, 135

Takeoff mins for the runway that are in the TPP or if none/”Std”:

1-2 engine airplanes - 1SM (no min ceiling)

More than 2 engine airplane - 1/2SM (no min ceiling)

With adequate visual references you can go down to 1/4SM (runway centerline and edge lights)

What kind of airports have radar?

Class B

Class C

Class D if it has a TRSA

IFR Cruising altitudes

As assigned by ATC and based on magnetic course

Below FL290

0-179 - Odd thousands

180-359 - Even thousands

What should you do if you lose IFR comms in IMC?

If in VFR terminate the flight and land VFR otherwise

Altitude - fly at the highest of MEA (MEA, expected, assigned)
Route - fly AVEF (Assigned, vectored, expected, filed)

If you are given an altitude like maintain 4000 expect 6000 10 minutes after departure than hold 4000 for 10min and then go the the MEA (in this scenario its at 10000)

Is loss of two way radios considered an emergency?

No, squawk 7600 and then proceed with lost comms procedure

What is the clearence limit for loss of IFR comms?

Fly up to the point where your clearance was given

If CL is an IAF - Start the approach at EFC or ETA (arrive at airport at ETA)

No CL is not IAF - At EFC or ETA (arrive at airport at ETA) fly to a place to start the approach and do it

When can you descend below the MDA/DA?

Continuous position for an approach at a normal rate of descent <1500fpm and established

Flight visibility

Runway environment insight (lights, threshold, VGSI)

Do you only need to have descent below MDA/DA criteria once or do you need it continuously?

Continuously

At any point if you lose the visual references while on a straight in approach or circling you need to go missed

What is considered runway environment?

Threshold, Theshold markings, threshold lights

REILs, VGSI

Touchdown zone, lights

Runway markings, lights

What is the special exception to the runway environment

The approach light system can be considered part of the runway enviornment but you cannot descend below 100ft from the TDZE using the lights as a reference unless the red terminating bars or side row bars are also visible

What are the equitment requirments for IFR day and IFR night?

IFR Day - All VFR day + GRABCARD

IFR Night - All VFR day + VFR night + GRABCARD

GRABCARD

(review ATOMS² FLEAP FLAPS before this)

G - Generator/Alternator
R -Two way radio (and navigational equipment suitable for the route to be flown)
A - Altimeter (sensitive for barometric pressure)
B - Ball (slip/skid indicator)
C - Clock with minutes/seconds
A - Attitude indicator
R - Rate of turn
D - Directional Gyro (heading indicator)

What other equipment is required besides GRABCARD

Transponder and ADS-B

Mode C Transponder requirements

Class A, B, C

Above Class C

Within 30NM of Class B

Above 10,000ft

In some SFRA areas

ADS-B requirements

Anywhere a transponder is required

Class E above 3000ft within 12NM of the Gulf of Mexico

Excluding Class E above 10,000ft and below 2,500ft AGL

What additional equitment do we need to have in the VFR day/night section

If operating for hire over water and beyond power off glide distance from shore:

• Lifevest

• Signaling device

If above FL240 using VOR for navigation DME or RNAV is required

MARVELOUS VFR C500

M - Missed approach
A - Airspeed ± 10kts or 5% of TAF
R - Reaching a holding fix (“callsign”, over “place” “altitude” at “time”)
V - VFR on top when an altitude change is made
E - ETA changed ±2min
L - Leaving a holding fix
O - Outer marker (Or other fix used instead)
U - Unforecasted Wx
S - Safety of flight
V - Vacating an altitude
F - FAF
R -Radio/nav failure
C - Compulsory reporting points
500 - unable to climb/descend at 500fpm

What items from MARVELOUS VFR C500 are required in a non radar enviomrent

ETA

Outer marker (or other fixed used instead)

FAF

Compulsory reporting points

What items from MARVELOUS VFR C500 are legally required regardless if not in a non radar enviorment?

Unforecasted WX

Safety of flight

Compulsory reporting points

All other MARVELOUS VFR C500 items are advisory nature only

What is required in the position report to ATC?

A - Aircraft ID
P - Position
T - Time
A - Altitude
T - Type of flight plan
E - ETA and name of next reporting fix
N - Name only of the next succeeding point along the route of flight
R - remarks

“Kent 41, over 1G3 at 1500Z, 4000, IFR, 5min to ACO, then POV, birds”

If you’re position report is off by ± 3min you need to let ATC know

In a non-radar environment what kind of fixes do you have to report with off airway routing?

Every fix that you use to define route that is offroute (not an airway) becomes a compulsory reporting point

It doesnt matter whether it is published as a compulsory reporting point on the chart or not

Minimum IFR altitudes

Except for takeoff or landing or unless otherwise authorized you can’t be IFR below

• Minimum altitudes for the route of flight or if none:

• 2000ft above the highest obstacle within 4NM in mountains areas

• 1000ft above the highest obstacle within 4NM in non mountainous areas

Insturment checks

Airspeed - 0KIAS

Turn Coordinator - Ball centered full of fluid, wings level when not turning and in turns wings show correct direction and ball to the opposite side

Attitude - Pitch and bank indications within 5* and 5min of engine start and not moving more than 5* during taxi turns

Heading indicator - Aligned with mag compass and shows correct headings, up within 5min of engine start (gyro needs 5min to get up to normal operating speed)

Instrument check (Altimeter, VSI, Magnetic compass)

Altimeter - Set to local altimeter setting and showing ±75ft of field elevation

VSI - 0fpm

Magnetic compass - Swings freely, full of fluid, shows known headings, deviation card good

EFIS cockpits - Check PFD for no red X’s, messages, warnings, and symbols

Oxygen regulations

12,500 to and including 14,000ft - Flight crew must use O2 if above for more than 30min

Above 14,000ft - Flight crew must use O2 continuously when above this altitude

Above 15,000 - Passengers must be offered O2

What altitude do oxygen requirements pertain to

Cabin pressure

If you are flying an unpressurized aircraft cabin pressure is the same as true altitude

What lights are required for flight?

T/O - B, S, T/L

Taxi - B , S, T/L