Reniassance, Reformation, and The Prince

How long did the Renaissance and Reformation span for?

1300-1600

What was the Renaissance?

A period of European history spanning roughly from the 14th to the 17th century, marked a significant cultural and intellectual awakening.  it was a time of renewed interest in classical Greek and Roman art, literature, philosophy, and science. It layed down the ground worlk for sthe modern world

What does Renaissance mean?

“rebirth”

Where did the Renaissance originate?

It originated in Italy but gradually spread across Europe

Where were makes left?

art, architecture, literature, philosophy, science, and exploration

What artists came from the

Renaissance"?

 Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael, whose works redefined the boundaries of artistic expression

New scientific discoveries and advancements in technology, such as _____, revolutionized the way people thought and communicated.

the printing press

The Renaissance was a time of profound social and ____ change

political

How were tradition hierarchies challenged and individualism fostered?

the rise of powerful city-states, the growth of trade and commerce, and the emergence of a new class of wealthy merchants and intellectuals

Who initiated the Protestant Reformation?

Martin Luther

What did the Protestant Reformation do?

It marked a significant break from the Catholic Church and ushered in a new era of religious diversity and religious conflict.

The Renaissance was a ____ between the middle ages and the modern times

bridge

What were the 5 different territorial states in Italy and why did they prosper?

Milan, Venice, Florence, the Papal States and the Kingdom of Naples. They prospered because of their economic power.

Because there wasn't a centralized state, cities like Venice became a republic. What is a republic?

A form of government in which the leader is not a king and certain citizens have a right to vote.

How did the Sforzas and the Medici family rule differently? Explain!

Medici=money, behind the scenes Sforzas= military, strength, forceful nature

Why was there a decline in the power of the church in the late 1400's?

Increased competitions from  English and Flemish drove down profits because most of its economy was based on the manufacturing of cloth. during this time Girolamo Savonarola ( a Dominican preacher) condemned the corruption and excesses of the Medici family. His attacks weaked the power of the Medici family because they rejected their rules and because citizen were upset with their economic state, citizen turned to Savonarola. They questioned the corruption of the church

Humanism

an intellectual movement of the Renaissance based on the study of the humanities, which included grammar, rhetoric, poetry moral philosophy, and history (here and now, the world is going to change forever)

Vernacular

The language of everyday speech in a particular region

Perspective

 Artistic technique used to give the effect of three-dimensional depth to two-dimensional surfaces (Point of view)

Secularism

Separating  religion from the state, state doesn't mandate a religion

Dialects

a particular form of a language which is particular to a specific region

Johannes Gutenburg

German craftsman and inventor who originated a method of printing from movable type( printing press)

How is this seen today?

Social media (MySpace, Facebook, LinkedIn, YouTube, Twitter/X, Instagram, Snap chat, TikTok, AI)

What were the seven chapters in Machiavelli’s book The Prince?

Be Present, Do not be Neutral, Be Both the Man and the Beast, Destroy do not wound, Aquire when you can, Never bring others to power, Be feared

What did “Be Present” talk about?

live in the area you rule, by living in the are you can adress problems quickly and efficiently, It’s earlier to control beliefs and laws, if you don’t like their you don’t understand the people, Being close make them feel like you are one of them, do not let someone become powerful or you will ruin yourself.

What did “Do no be Neutral” talk about?

Neutral = timid, seen as a weakness, disliked by both sides, indescisiveness

What did “Be Both the Man and the Beast” talk about?

use your mind and behave like a beast, know what to use what, go civilized then you may need to use force, love peace but be able to wage war, intimidation is powerful, be a lion and a fox, constant force becomes meaningless

What does”Destroy do not Wound” talk about?

Do everything in one blow, you can become a prince by power, skill, wickedness, and election, the wounded will come back, give things in increments

What does “Acquire When you Can’ talk about?

success is usually socially approved, get what you want when you can, you cannot depend on others, Machiavelli does not believe we should use mercenary troops, use ones own arms, Machiavelli is never scared to use cruelty

What does “Never Bring Others to Power” talk about?

Power is grabbing a zero-sum game, Machiavelli warned to establish alliances but don't  make them too strong, power is a scarce source, power can be gained through wealth, influence or position.

What does :Be Feared” talk about?

you want to be feared as a leader, Soft leaders make a good leader, respected leaders create great leaders, its har to lead a diverse group, it hard to leader a divers group, fear and motivation was a common way to rules a\people, the weakest only depened on love. Be Both strict and soft.

Christian Humanism (early 1500's)

a movement developed in northern Europe during the Renaissance, combing classical learning and individualism with the goal of reforming the Catholic church.

Desiderius Erasmus(early 1500's)

He was the best known Christian humanist. He believed that Christianity should show people how to live good lives on a daily basis, not just provide beliefs that might help them be saved, the Catholic Church need to return to the simpler days of Christainity, he wanted to educate people in the works of Christianity and worled to criticize the abuses in the Chruch.

Martin Luther and the 95 Thesis-(early 1500's and October 31, 1517)

Luther was a monk in the Catholic Church and a proffesser at the university of Wittenburg , in Germany. he came to believe that humans are not saved through their good works but through their faith in God. He printed the 95 Thesis( he believed that true repentance involves their inner spiritual change and not just external sacramental act) and posted it on the door of the Castle Church in wittenburg.

The break from the Catholic Church(1520)

Luther began to move toward the break in the Church. He attacked the Germans systems of sacraments, he called for the clergy to marry which went against the requirements of the Catholic Church,, theough the changes he continued to emphasize his new doctrine of slavation(it is faith alone, and not good works), the pope excommunicated him in January of 1521 because he was unable to accept his ideas.

Edict of Worms(1522)

Lutehr was made an outlaw within the empire, Fredrick III(elector of Saxony) din;t want to see him killed so he sent him to hiding and protected him, Luther returned in the beginning of 1522

 The Peasants War(June 1524)

Germans peasants revoled against their Lord and looked for LUther's Support. Instead he supported the Lords because he believed the state and its tulers were called by GOd to maintain the peace nessary to spread the Gospel(first 4 books of the NT). In the sprn=ing Germans princes crushed peasent revolts and Luther was more dependent on state authorities for growth.

Luther gets married( the impact) (1524?)

Provided a model of married and family for the new Protestant minsters. Goes against the Catholuc religion.(His doctrine becoem known as Lutheranism and the churched were called Lutheran chruches. Lutheranism was also the first Protistant faith.)

The Peace of Augsburg(1555)

An agreement that accepted Lurtheranism as a division of Christianity and German States were free to choose between the two(both has the same legal rights and rulers determines their denomination.

Explain: Why Martin Luther was outraged by the marketing of indulgences by the Catholic Church.

Because thought is was to much about money and to little about God.

 Sequence: What actions did Martin Luther take in response to Church's actions?

He writes 95 These about his options.

Key Vocab: How do our key terms of vernacular, perspective, and secularism go along with the story of Martin Luther and the Reformation?

Vernacular- Because he used the common language to express his opinions and wrote the bible in that language.

Perspective- Luther had a different view than what Catholics had

Secularism- The states still go to choose their division of Christianity and people were not yet able to choose of their own no matter the state.