FBLA information tech

Computer Hardware

The physical components of a computer system.

CPU (Central Processing Unit)

The 'brain' of the computer that processes instructions.

RAM (Random Access Memory)

Temporary memory that stores data currently being used.

ROM (Read-Only Memory)

Permanent memory that stores essential startup instructions.

Storage Devices

Hardware used to permanently save data.

Peripherals

External devices connected to a computer.

Software

Programs and instructions that tell hardware what to do.

Operating System

System software that manages hardware and software.

Utility Programs

Software that performs maintenance tasks.

Computer Maintenance

Actions to keep a computer running properly.

Network

A group of connected computers that share resources.

LAN (Local Area Network)

Network covering a small geographic area.

WAN (Wide Area Network)

Network covering a large geographic area.

Router

A device that directs network traffic.

Switch

Connects multiple devices in a network and directs data efficiently.

IP Address

Unique number assigned to identify a device on a network.

DNS (Domain Name System)

Translates domain names into IP addresses.

Malware

Malicious software intended to harm or steal data.

Firewall

Security system that blocks unauthorized access.

Encryption

Scrambling data so only authorized users can read it.

Data vs. Information

Raw facts (Data) vs. Processed, meaningful data (Information).

Database

Organized collection of related data.

Field

Single piece of data in a database.

Record

A group of related fields.

Spreadsheet

Software used to organize and calculate data.

Formula

Equation used in spreadsheets.

Function

Pre-built formula.

Programming

Writing instructions for a computer to follow.

Algorithm

Step-by-step instructions to solve a problem.

Loop

Programming structure that repeats actions.

Flowchart

Diagram showing steps in a process.

File Extension

Letters after a filename indicating file type.

Cloud Computing

Storing and accessing data/programs over the internet.

Digital Citizenship

Responsible and appropriate technology use.

Copyright

Legal protection of creative work.

Phishing

Attempt to steal personal information by pretending to be trustworthy.

Bluetooth

Short-range wireless communication.

IoT (Internet of Things)

Everyday devices connected to the internet.

Browser

Software used to access websites.

URL (Uniform Resource Locator)

Web address used to locate internet resources.