Redox Reactions and Stoichiometry

These flashcards cover essential vocabulary related to redox reactions, gases, stoichiometry, and quantum theory, helping students memorize important terms and concepts.

Redox Reaction

A chemical reaction involving the transfer of electrons between two species.

Reduction

The gain of electrons resulting in a decrease in oxidation number.

Oxidation

The loss of electrons resulting in an increase in oxidation number.

Reducing Agent

The reagent that donates electrons and gets oxidized.

Oxidizing Agent

The reagent that gains electrons and gets reduced.

Half-Reaction Method

A method to balance redox reactions by separating them into two half-reactions, one for oxidation and one for reduction.

Ion-Electron Method

A technique for balancing redox reactions under varying conditions, such as acidic or basic media.

Acidic Medium

A solution containing a higher concentration of hydrogen ions (H+), used in balancing redox reactions.

Basic Medium

A solution containing a higher concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-), used in balancing redox reactions.

Spectator Ions

Ions that do not participate in the actual redox reaction and can be omitted from the half-reaction equations.

Stoichiometry

The calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions based on the conservation of mass.

Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures

States that in a mixture of non-reacting gases, the total pressure is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of individual gases.

STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure)

Defined as 273 K (0°C) and 1 atm pressure, under which one mole of gas occupies 22.4 L.

Gas Constant (R)

A proportionality constant that appears in the ideal gas law, generally expressed in units of L·torr/(mol·K).

Empirical Formula

A formula that shows the simplest whole number ratio of elements in a compound.

Molar Mass (MM)

The mass of one mole of a substance, typically expressed in grams per mole.

Quantum Mechanics (QM)

A fundamental theory in physics that describes physical properties at the scale of atoms and subatomic particles.

Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle

The principle stating that it is impossible to know simultaneously both the position and momentum of a particle.

Schrödinger Equation

A mathematical formulation used in quantum mechanics to describe how the quantum state of a physical system changes over time.

Photon

A particle representing a quantum of light or electromagnetic radiation.