HS 201 Exam 2

Horticultural specimen

plant that because of its own attributes make it worth planting

Considerations in choosing foundation plants

Insects

Root systems

How big

Examples of horticultural specimen

Rhododendron

Deciduous yellow flowering dogwood

Plant selection criteria

Aesthetics

Soil conditions

Maintenance requirements

Solar radiance

Availability and transplantability

Environmental stresses/adaptation

Invasive/weediness potential

Soil conditions

pH range

Maintenance requirements

Pruning

Watering

Pests

Fruit/flower/leaf drop

Solar radiance

sun requirements

Invasive/weediness potential

Native

Exotic

Native

natural range of species

Exotic

introduced species

Caring for cut flowers

Remove all foliage from lower stems

Re-cut ALL stems

Use floral preservative correctly

Do not let water dry out

Do not place near heat source

Roses have prickles NOT thorns

6 basic plant parts

Roots

Stems

Leaves

Flowers

Fruits

Seeds

Root functions

Absorption

Anchorage (not necessarily needed)

Accommodation (storage of energy aka glucose)

Examples that plants do not need soil to live

Disney: squash, zucchini, cucumber on conveyor belt being doused with nutrient solution

Hydroponics: lettuce

Root types

Primary root

Secondary root

Primary root

first root to emerge from the germinating seed

Secondary root

any root that grows from a primary and/or another secondary root

Roots types

Tuberous root

Adventitious root

Contractile roots

Aerial roots

Tuberous root

large and swollen secondary root

Adventitious root

roots that form on parts of the plant that do not normally form roots such as leaves

Contractile roots

pulls bulbs deeper in ground

Aerial roots

two types of plants that have 100% aerial roots

Example of plant with tuberous root

Sweet potato

Epiphytes

Plants with aerial roots that live ON other plants

Parasitic plants

Plants with aerial roots that live OFF OF other plants

Examples of epiphytes

Orchids and bromeliads

Example of parasitic plant

Mistletoe

Root systems

Root systems only go about a foot deep

Roots stretch wider not deeper

Roots only need water and air

Fibrous root system

Occupies large volume of shallow soil - thin, many branches

Control erosion

Relies on rain for water

Captures minerals before they leach

Tap root

Large swollen primary root

All are primary

Not all primary roots are tap roots

Ex: carrots

Root hairs & branches

Root hairs - extension of outer root cells - 1000s

Increase absorptive area > 500x

Produced at root tip

Branching 90 degrees

Each is an exact copy of parent root

Tree roots functions

1. Supporting (Prop)

2. Transporting

3. Absorbing

Stem functions

Storage

Transportation

Support

Bear flowers and fruits

Food

Stem parts

Nodes

Internodes

Buds

Bud/leaf arrangement

Alternate

Opposite

Whorled

Nodes

where leaves are joining the stem

Internodes

space between nodes

Bud

Flower (bigger)

Vegetative

Alternate

one leaf or bud per node

Opposite

two leaves or buds per node

Whorled

three or more leaves or buds per node

Example of whorled bud/leaf arrangement

Nerium oleander (deadliest/most poisonous)

Stem: Types

Prostrate

Prostrate

stems that run along the ground

Types of prostrate stems

Stolon

Rhizome

Stolon (stoloniferous)

Prostrate stems that runs along the ground and produces a plantlet at tip