Lecture 3 - Dalton, Rutherford, subatomic particles, periodic table, and nomenclature

Dalton’s Atomic Theory states that __________ is made up of atoms.

Each element is made up of atoms.

In chemical reactions, __________ are rearranged, not created or destroyed.

atoms

A __________ contains protons and neutrons and is surrounded by orbiting electrons.

nucleus

Electrons have a __________ charge.

negative

The atomic number (Z) identifies elements by the number of __________.

protons

Elements are arranged in the periodic table by increasing __________.

atomic number

Atoms form stable __________ when they gain or lose electrons.

ions

Ionic compounds are generally made up of __________ and anions.

cations

The general form for describing a neutral atom is __________ where X is the symbol of the element.

X

In covalent compounds, atoms are held together by __________.

sharing electrons

The mass number (A) is the sum of the number of __________ and neutrons in an atom.

protons

Water is the common name for the compound __________.

H2O

The compound formed by lithium and sulfur is __________.

Li2S

The rule for naming the second element (anion) in a compound is to use the base name with a __________.

suffix (-ide, -ate, -ite)

In the periodic table, elements in the same column are called __________.

groups or families

The most stable ion of an element with a mass number of 230 and 86 electrons has __________ neutrons.

144

A __________ is formed by the combination of a metal and a nonmetal, where atoms are held together by ionic attraction.

ionic compound

The relative atomic masses are indicated in the periodic table, with carbon-12 assigned a mass of __________ amu.

exactly 12.0000

Molecules made up entirely of nonmetals are joined by __________ bonds.

covalent

The type of compound that consists of cations and anions is __________.

ionic

Hydroxide ion is represented by the symbol __________.

OH-