MSK conditions

Adhesive Capsulitis - Key Characteristics

Restricted AROM and PROM, capsular pattern loss, dense adhesive fibrosis, and scarring.

Impingement Syndrome - Classic Presentation

Painful arc of motion between 60°-120° due to humeral head compression.

Lateral vs. Medial Epicondylitis

Lateral affects wrist extensors (racquet sports); Medial affects wrist flexors (golf, pitching).

Colles Fracture Deformity

Dorsal displacement of distal radius fragment creating a 'dinner fork' deformity.

Smith Fracture Deformity

Palmar displacement of distal radius fragment creating a 'garden spade' deformity.

Plantar Fasciitis Presentation

Heel pain at the calcaneus, severe morning pain, and pain walking barefoot.

ACL Sprain Mechanism

Contact or noncontact twisting injury involving hyperextension and valgus stress.

PCL Sprain Exercise Precaution

Avoid open-chain hamstring strengthening exercises during initial rehabilitation.

Osteoarthritis (OA) Key Features

Gradual onset joint pain, postactivity stiffness, and Heberden/Bouchard nodes.

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Presentation

Symmetrical involvement, morning stiffness, warm joints, swan neck, and boutonniere deformities.

Osteoporosis T-score Classification

Normal: ≥ −1.0; Osteopenia: −1.0 to −2.4; Osteoporosis: ≤ −2.5.

Osteoporosis Exercise Contraindication

Avoid spinal flexion exercises and high-impact activities to prevent fractures.

Congenital Hip Dysplasia Special Tests

Ortolani test, Barlow test, and diagnostic ultrasound.

Congenital Torticollis Posture

Ipsilateral cervical side-bending (flexion) with contralateral cervical rotation.

Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease Definition

Avascular necrosis causing degeneration of the femoral head in young children. age 3-13 males more than females

Osgood-Schlatter Disease

Traction apophysitis from repetitive pulling on the tibial tuberosity apophysis.

Talipes Equinovarus Characteristics

Forefoot adduction, rearfoot varus, and ankle plantar flexion (clubfoot).

First-Class Lever Example

Axis between effort and load; example is triceps contraction at the elbow.

Second-Class Lever Example

Load between axis and effort; example is performing heel/toe raises.

Third-Class Lever Definition

Effort between axis and load; most common lever type in the human body.