Biology 12 Lab Practical: Fetal Pig Dissection – Vocabulary Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering major organs, vessels, anatomical planes, and structures discussed in the fetal pig dissection lecture.

Diaphragm

Thin, dome-shaped muscle that separates thoracic and abdominal cavities and drives breathing (inhale/exhale)

Small Intestine

Digestive organ where most chemical digestion and nutrient absorption occur.

Gall Bladder

Sac-like organ that stores bile produced by the liver.

Duodenum

First section of the small intestine; receives bile and pancreatic enzymes to emulsify fats and continue digestion.

Spleen

Lymphatic organ that filters blood, removing old red blood cells and pathogens.

Liver

Large organ that detoxifies chemicals, metabolizes proteins, produces bile, and stores glycogen.

Stomach

Muscular sac that stores food, performs mechanical breakdown, and begins protein digestion with acid and enzymes.

Pancreas

Makes hormones (Insulin/Glucagon) and digestive enzymes

Heart

Hollow muscular organ that pumps blood through the circulatory system.

Lungs

Paired respiratory organs containing alveoli where gas exchange with blood occurs.

Aorta

Largest artery; carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body.

Pulmonary Artery

Major artery that transports deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.

Coronary Artery

Branches of the aorta that supply oxygenated blood to heart tissue itself.

Left Atrium

Heart chamber that receives oxygenated blood from pulmonary veins and passes it to the left ventricle.

Left Ventricle

Pumps oxygenated blood from the left atrium into the aorta for systemic distribution.

Right Ventricle

Pumps deoxygenated blood from the right atrium into the pulmonary artery.

Right Atrium

Receives blood returning to heart

Soft Palate

Muscular posterior roof of the mouth; separates oral and nasal cavities during swallowing.

Nares

External openings of the nose that admit air to the nasal passages.

Epiglottis

Flap of tissue that covers the trachea during swallowing, preventing food from entering airways.

Hard Palate

Bony anterior roof of the mouth; aids mechanical digestion and separates oral/nasal cavities.

Trachea

Windpipe reinforced with cartilage rings; conducts air between larynx and bronchi.

Larynx

Voice box containing vocal cords; located between pharynx and trachea.

Primary Bronchi

First branches of the trachea that deliver air to each lung.

Pinna

External ear flap that directs sound waves into the ear canal.

Umbilical Cord

Vascular connection between fetus and placenta transporting nutrients, gases, and wastes.

Urinary Bladder

Muscular sac that stores urine before excretion.

Kidney

Organ that filters blood, forming urine and regulating water and salt balance.

Transverse Plane

Horizontal body plane dividing the body into superior (cranial) and inferior (caudal) portions.

Sagittal Plane

Vertical plane dividing the body into left and right sections.

Frontal Plane

Vertical plane dividing the body into dorsal (back) and ventral (belly) sections.

Large Intestine

Absorbs water, forms feces, and eliminates undigested material.

Ovaries

Female gonads that produce eggs and sex hormones.

Uterine Horns

Extensions where the uterine tubes meet the uterus; fetal development occurs here in pigs.

Rectum

Terminal part of the large intestine where feces are stored before elimination.

Umbilical Artery

Fetal vessel carrying deoxygenated blood and wastes from fetus to placenta.

Ureter

Tube that carries urine from each kidney to the urinary bladder.

Testes

Male gonads that produce sperm and testosterone.

Renal Cortex

Outer region of the kidney containing nephrons’ glomeruli.

Renal Medulla

Inner kidney region composed of renal pyramids and nephron loops.

Renal Pyramid

Conical segment of the medulla that funnels urine into minor calyces.

Renal Column

Inward extension of cortical tissue separating adjacent renal pyramids.

Renal Pelvis

Central funnel-shaped cavity where major calyces merge; narrows to form the ureter.

duodenum: enzymatic breakdown of food

jejuno-illeum: absorbs digestion products

name each ? and their function

thymus

mature and produce T-lymphocytes (T-cells)

colon

reabsorbs water from waste

scrotum

holds testes; maintains proper temps.

epididymis

sperm storage & maturation

uterine tube

site of fertilzation

body of uterus

implantation site of embryo