Root of Neck, Posterior Triangle, and Suboccipital Region

the root of the neck is also known as

superior thoracic aperture

boundaries of the root of the neck

first ribs

manubrium

T1 vertebra

root of neck includes _

structures on the cervical side of superior thoracic aperture

axillary inlet

musculoskeletal structures for the head and neck

cervical vertebrae

prevertebral muscles (longus capitis, colli, scalenes)

infrahyoid muscles (minus thyrohyoid)

which strap muscle is NOT part of the root of the neck

thyrohyoid

viscera of the root of neck (head and neck)

trachea

esophagus

vessels of the root of neck (head and neck)

vertebral a

thyrocervical trunk

inferior thyroid a

common carotid a

internal, anterior, external jugular veins

nerves of the head and neck root

vagus

recurrent laryngeal

phrenic

sympathetic trunk

musculoskeletal structures of the upper extremity

manubrium

clavicle

vessels of the upper extremity

thyrocervical trunk

transverse cervical a

suprascapular a

dorsal scapular a

subclavian a + v

nerves of the upper extremity

roots of brachial plexus (C5-T1)

brachial plexus consists of which nerves

C5-T1

interscalene triangle boundaries

anterior scalene

middle scalene

1st rib

contents of interscalene triangle

brachial plexus

subclavian a

the subclavian vein is _ to interscalene triangle

anterior

visceral structures of the thorax-neck root

thoracic duct

cupula (cervical pleura of lung)

apex of lung

esophagus

trachea

vessels of the thorax

internal thoracic a + v

brachiocephalic trunk

brachiocephalic veins

the internal thoracic a branches off?

1st part of subclavian a

nerves of the thorax

phrenic nerve (C3, 4, 5)

vagus n

cervical sympathetic chain

middle cervical ganglion

cervicothoracic ganglion

cardiac nerves

cardiac branches

the phrenic nerve is on the anterior aspect of _

anterior scalene muscle

the phrenic nerve enters the thorax between _

subclavian vein and artery

spatial relationship between phrenic nerve and vagus n

run parallel, but vagus is more medial

ganglion associated with the thorax

middle cervical ganglion

cervicothoracic (stellate)

where is impacted in Pancoast's Syndrome

tumor at the pulmonary apex / thoracic inlet

what is compressed in Pancoast's Syndrome

brachial plexus

cervical sympathetic chain

what overlies the sympathetic trunk

common carotid a and carotid sheath

borders of the posterior triangle of the neck

trapezius

SCM

clavicle (base)

roof of posterior triangle

investing fascia

floor of posterior triangle

scalenes

levator scapulae m

splenus capitus m

the floor of the posterior triangle is covered by

perivertberal fascia

which scalene muscles make the floor of the posterior triangle

middle and posterior (sometimes anterior)

what muscle crosses the posterior triangle

inferior belly of omohyoid m

what divides the posterior triangle into different zones

spinal accessory n (CN XI)

CN XI divides the posterior triangle into _

careful and carefree zones

inferior belly of omohyoid divides posterior triangle into

occipital

omoclavicular triangles

posterior triangle nerves

cervical plexus (muscular + cutaneous branches)

the cervical plexus is found within _

muscles of the floor of the posterior triangle

motor nerves of the posterior triangle

phrenic n

brachial plexus

spinal accessory n

where do sensory nerves of the posterior triangle come from

cervival plexus

sensory nerves of the posterior triangle

lesser occipital n

great auricular n

transverse cervical n

supraclavicular n

posterior triangle veins

external jugular v

posterior triangle arteries

branches of thyrocervical trunk

the dorsal scapular artery sometimes arises from _

transverse cervical a

the dorsal scapular a most often arises from

2nd or 3rd part of subclavian a

possible variation of the thyrocervical trunk

transverse cervical a does NOT originate

parts of the subclavian artery are in relation to _

anterior scalene m

first part of the subclavian a is located _

medially to anterior scalene

branches off the 1st part of subclavian a

vertebral a

thyrocervical trunk

internal thoracic a

2nd part of subclavian artery is located

posterior to anterior scalene m

branches of 2nd part of subclavian a

costocervical trunk

(dorsal scapular sometimes)

3rd part of subclavian a is located

lateral to anterior scalene

branch of 3rd part of subclavian a

dorsal scapular a

what is the suboccipital region

muscle compartment located deep in the superior part of the posterior cervical region

suboccipital region is the base of the skull located _ (relative landmarks)

inferior to ext occipital protuberance + posterior to C1 and C2

what muscles is the suboccipital region deep to

semispinalis

splenius

trapezius

SCM

joints of the suboccipital region

craniovertebral

-atlanto occopital

-atlanto axial

atlanto-axial joint parts

median

lateral

which joint allows for nodding of the head up and down (yes)

atlanto-occipital

which joint allows for shaking of head side-to-side (no)

atlanto-axial

ligaments of the atlanto-occipital joint

anterior and posterior atlanto-occipital membrane

the anterior atlanto-occipital membrane is continuous with

anterior longitudinal lig

nuchal ligament is contiunous with

supraspinous ligament

the nuchal ligament contains more _ compared to supraspinous ligament

elastic fibers

the tectorial membrane is a continuation of _

posterior longitudinal ligament

the tectorial membrane connects

C2 - occipital bone

cruciate ligament contents

transverse ligament of atlas

superior and inferior longitudinal bands

alar ligaments function

limit excessive axial rotation

deep muscles of the suboccipital region

rectus capitis posterior minor

rectus capitis posterior major

obliquus capitis superior

obliquus capitis inferior

major functions of suboccipital muscles

stabilize craniovertebral joints

extension and rotation

rectus capitis posterior minor function

extension of head

lateral flexion of head

rectus capitis posterior major function

extension of head

ipsilateral rotation of head

lateral flexion

obliquus capitis superior function

extension of head

lateral rotation of head

obliquus capitis inferior function

rotates atlas and skull around dens

bony landmarks of suboccipital region

posterior tubercle of atlas

spinous process of axis

transverse process of atlas

inferior nuchal line

boundaries of suboccipital triangle

rectus capitis posterior major

obliquus capitus superior

obliquus capitus inferior

contents of suboccipital triangle

vertebral a

suboccipital n

innervation of suboccipital muscles

suboccipital n

subclavian vein can be accessed where for an IV catheter

omoclavicular triangle

nerve point of the neck

all cutaneous branches from the cervical plexus C1-C4 emerge here posterior to the SCM to reach their target skin

supraclavicular n supplies sensation where

skin of the upper chest, shoulder, and clavicle

nerve point of the neck location

middle posterior edge of SCM

clinical significance of nerve point of the neck

site for nerve block

transverse cervical n supplies what sensory

skin of the anterior triangle (anterolateral)

when thyrocervical trunk doesn't come from 1st part of subclavian a, it commonly arises from

3rd part of subclavian a

atlanto occipital joint surfaces

occipital condyles

superior articular surface of atlas

how many atlanto-axial joints are there

3 (2 lateral, 1 median)

transverse ligament of the atlas function

hold dens in place against the atlas

suboccipital region muscles have a high density of _

muscle spindle fibers for proprioception