Veterinary Formulary Student Study Set Volume 1

A vocabulary-based flashcard set covering drug classes, mechanisms, side effects, and contraindications for various veterinary medications.

Amoxicillin-clavulanate

A Penicillins/beta-lactamase drug class antibiotic used to treat urinary tract, skin, periodontal, and respiratory infections by inhibiting bacterial cell-wall synthesis.

Amoxicillin-clavulanate Contraindications

Should not be used in pets with penicillin hypersensitivity or in rabbits, guinea pigs, chinchillas, and hamsters due to the risk of clostridial enterotoxemia.

Amphotericin B

A polyene antifungal used for serious systemic mycotic infections that binds to fungal cell membrane sterols, causing intracellular leakage.

Amphotericin B Adverse Effect

Nephrotoxicity due to toxic effects on renal epithelial cells; monitoring is required in pets with renal disease.

Ampicillin IV Administration

This penicillin drug must not be given IV due to the increased risk of anaphylaxis and sudden death.

Carprofen (Rimadyl)

A propionic acid $NSAID$ used for inflammation and pain associated with osteoarthritis and soft tissue or orthopedic surgeries.

Carprofen Contraindication

Contraindicated in dogs with bleeding disorders because it can impair hemostasis.

Cefovecin

A cephalosporin antibiotic administered subcutaneously for canine and feline skin infections by blocking bacterial cell-wall synthesis.

Cefpodoxime and Cephalexin Administration

Should be administered with food to improve absorption and reduce $GI$ upset.

Chloramphenicol

A broad-spectrum antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the ribosome; a major adverse effect is bone marrow suppression.

Clindamycin

A lincosamide antibiotic effective against gram-positive bacteria and anaerobes; adverse effects include diarrhea and Clostridium difficile infection.

Doxycycline Cat Precaution

Oral tablets should be given with water and food to help prevent the development of esophageal strictures.

Enrofloxacin (Baytril)

A fluoroquinolone that inhibits $DNA$ synthesis; it can cause blindness in cats (retinal toxicity) and negatively affect cartilage in young animals.

Enrofloxacin Drug Interaction

Can increase the risk of seizures when administered concurrently with $NSAIDs$.

Gentamicin

An aminoglycoside antibiotic used for eye, ear, and skin infections that carries risks of nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and neurotoxicity.

Gentamicin Otic Precaution

Should be avoided in patients with ruptured eardrums as it can cause hearing loss.

Itraconazole

An imidazole antifungal used for dermatophytes and systemic fungal infections; it should be administered with food for better absorption.

Ketoconazole Contraindications

Should be avoided in animals with hypoadrenocorticism and in pregnant or lactating dogs; liver function must be monitored.

Meloxicam (Metacam)

An $NSAID$ that inhibits $COX-2$ to treat pain and osteoarthritis; the $FDA$ has not established safety for dogs younger than $6$ months.

Metronidazole (Flagyl)

A bactericidal antibiotic and antiparasitic that causes $DNA$ strand breakage; neurotoxicity is a concern at high doses.

Nystatin

A narrow-spectrum antifungal for yeast-like fungi (Candida) that can be both fungistatic and fungicidal; it has no activity against bacteria or viruses.

Penicillin G

An antibiotic used for respiratory infections in livestock and leptospirosis in dogs/cats; IV administration can result in death.

Trimethoprim-sulfa (Bactrim)

A potentiated sulfonamide antimicrobial that can cause Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) and acute neutrophilic hepatitis in dogs.

Sulfonamide Breed Susceptibility

Dobermans, Samoyeds, and Miniature Schnauzers are more susceptible to drug-induced immune complex disease.