APUSH Chapter 21

Red Scare

A large public fear of Bolshevism in 1919-20 after the Russian revolution.

Palmer Raids

Raids set up by Palmer's antiradicalism division that unjustly arrested many radicals.

Red Summer

Race riots in 24 U.S. cities in 1919, resulting in 120 deaths and targeting black individuals.

American Plan

Employers' stance to refuse negotiations with unions following a wave of strikes in 1919.

Welfare capitalism

Employers' duty to ensure worker wellbeing, replacing unions with fair wages and benefits.

Dollar diplomacy

U.S. practice of giving predatory loans to Latin America, backed by military force for repayment.

Associated state

Hoover's idea of voluntary business cooperation with the government.

Teapot Dome

Scandal involving illegal leasing of government oil reserves by Secretary of Interior Albert Fall.

Consumer credit

The practice of encouraging debt through borrowing to pay for purchases.

Hollywood

Movie capital of the world by 1920, symbolizing 1920s consumerism with major studios run by immigrants.

Flapper

A new image of women in Hollywood who embraced freedom and modern fashion.

Soft Power

U.S. influence on the world through media and popular culture.

Sheppard-Towner Federal Maternity and Infancy Act

1921 act providing federal funding for women's health clinics, reducing infant mortality.

Eighteenth Amendment

Prohibition amendment ratified in January 1920, campaigned by WCTU and Anti-Saloon League.

Volstead Act

Act that enforced the 18th amendment, prohibiting the manufacture and sale of alcohol.

American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU)

Formed during the Red Scare to protect free speech, defended the Scopes Trial.

Scopes Trial

1925 trial for a teacher accused of teaching evolution, known as the 'Monkey Trial'.

National Origins Act

1924 law limiting immigration by nationality to 2% of their 1890 U.S. population numbers.

Ku Klux Klan

Racist organization that gained popularity in the 1920s, promoting white Protestant supremacy.

Harlem Renaissance

A cultural flourishing in Harlem, NYC with increased black arts and notable figures.

Jazz

A musical genre that combined blues and ragtime, with Louis Armstrong as a prominent figure.

Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA)

Founded by Marcus Garvey, promoting Black Nationalism and African repatriation.

Pan-Africanism

The idea that people of African descent globally should collaborate for political and cultural goals.