[AGE8 00] PRELIM: Lesson 4 Sources of Authority Law

Law

• It is sometimes supposed that the ___ is one's guide to ethical behavior.

• In the Philippines, Filipinos are constrained to obey the ___ of the land as stated in the country's criminal and civil codes.

Environmental Law

• A complex and interlocking body of statutes, common law, treaties, conventions, regulations, and policies.

• Operate to regulate the interaction of humanity and the rest of the biophysical or natural environment.

• A purpose of reducing or minimizing the impacts of human activity, both on the natural environment for its own sake, and on humanity itself.

Areas of Concern

• Air quality and water quality

• Global climate change

• Agriculture

• Biodiversity and species protection

• Pesticides and hazardous chemicals

• Waste management and remediation of contaminated land

• Management of public lands and natural resources

Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 (Republic Act No. 9003)

• Segregation and collection of solid waste shall be conducted at the barangay level specifically for biodegradable, compostable and reusable wastes:

  • Provided, that the collection of non-recyclable materials and special wastes shall be the responsibility of the municipality or city (Section 10)

Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 Republic Act No. 8749

• The State shall promote and protect the global environment to attain sustainable development while recognizing the primary responsibility of local government units to deal with environmental problems.

• The State recognizes that the responsibility of cleaning the habitat and environment is primarily area based.

• The State also recognizes the principle that "polluters must pay".

• The ___ provides that the state shall:

  • Protect and advance the right of the people to a balanced and healthful ecology in accord with the rhythm and harmony of nature;

  • Promote and protect the global environment while recognizing the primary responsibility of local government units to deal with environmental problems;

  • Recognize that the responsibility of cleaning the habitat and environment is primarily area-based;

  • Recognize that “polluters must pay";

  • Recognize that a clean and healthy environment is for the good of all and should therefore be the concern of all.

Animal Welfare Act of 1998 Republic Act No. 8485

• Act to protect and promote the welfare of all animals in the Philippines by supervising and regulating the establishment and operations of all facilities utilized for breeding, maintaining, keeping, treating or training of all animals either as objects of trade or as household pets.

• Pet animal shall include bird

• Any form of cruelty shall be penalized

• It is a new law that provides better protection for all animals, including pets.

  • Has a suitable environment to live

  • Has a healthy diet

  • Is able to exhibit normal behavior

  • Has appropriate company

  • To be protected from pain, suffering, injury, and disease

P.D. #389

• The Forestry Reform Code

• It codifies, updates and raises forestry laws in the country.

• It emphasizes the sustainable utilization of forest resources.

P.D. #330 and P.D. #953

Laws on penalizing illegal cutting of trees

P.D. #705

Revised Forestry Code of the Philippines

P.D. #1153

Laws on tree planting

Executive Order No. 263

Adopts Community-Based Forest Management as the National Strategy to ensure the sustainable development of the country's forest lands.

Presidential Decree 705

Covers forestry laws

P.D. #704

Preservation of optimum productivity of fishery resources through conservation and protection.

P.D. #1015

Banning the operation of commercial fishing within a distance of 7 kilometer from the shoreline.

P.D. #1058

Increasing the penalties for illegal forms of fishing.

Presidential Decree 704

Covers fishery laws

Executive Order 240

Covers Integrated Fishery management

Republic Act No. 3931

Commonly known as the Pollution Control Law.

DENR Administrative Order-No. 97-05

Procedures in the retention of areas within certain distances along the banks of rivers, streams, and shore of seas, lakes and oceans for environmental protection.

DENR Administrative Order No. 142, Series of 1989

Guidelines on the Disposition of Confiscated Wildlife Species

DENR Administrative Order No. 97-38

Covers chemical control order for mercury and mercury compounds.

Code of Agrarian Reform in the Philippines

Republic Act No. 7907 - An Act Amending Republic Act No. 3844, as amended, otherwise known as the ___

Republic Act No. 6657

The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law of 1998.

Republic Act 8371

The Indigenous Peoples Rights Act of 1997, provides for the recognition, protection and promotion of the rights of indigenous cultural communities / indigenous people

Environmental Attitudes

• The philosophical discipline that studies the moral relationship of human beings and also the value and moral status of the environment and its non human contents.

• It considers the ethical relationship between humans and the environment.

• The philosophical discipline that studies the moral relationship of human beings and also the value and moral status of the environment and its non human contents.

• It considers the ethical relationship between humans and the environment.

Environmental Ethics

• It helps define man's moral and ethical obligations toward the environment.

• But human values become a factor when looking at environmental ethics.

• ___ and human values affect our ability to understand and solve environmental problems.

Anthropocentrism

• A human-based ethics arguing that humans possess complete authority over decisions about the environment.

• States that natural resources are open to human manipulation.

• Nature as existing solely for the benefit of man.

• Literally means “human-centered”

• This set of ethics protects and promotes of human interests or well-being at the expense of all other factors.

• Often places an emphasis on short-term benefits while disregarding long-term consequences.

• An outlook that is focused on an privileges HUMAN perspectives and interests.

Biocentrism

• Focuses on the theory that all forms of life have an inherent right to exist.

• They are split into different subgroups.

• Ex. ,some places greater responsibility at protecting plant species rather than animals.

• Ethical perspective holding that all life deserves equal moral consideration or has equal moral standing.

Ecocentrism

• Maintains that the Earth itself has moral value and is to be treated with respect from those living within it.

• States that the Earth and its resources should be treated as a community rather than a commodity.

• It is the understanding that ecological groups such as ecosystems, habitats, species, and populations, are all parts of environmental concern.

  • Nature: Environmental conservation is central to decision-making.

  • Society: Humans are part of nature.

  • Individual responsibility and accountability.

  • All life has inherent value.

  • We should not cause extinction of other species.

  • We should protect habitats and ecosystems.

  • Humans are not more important than other species.

  • Resources are limited.

  • We need the Earth more than it needs us.

Development

• An anthropocentric approach (inclined towards the benefit of humans)

• Promotes human control over the world’s resources at the expense of future generations

• Associated with the “capitalist” work ethic.

Preservation

• An eco-centric approach (nature- based)

• Calls for the ___ of the world’s resources rather than complete human consumption.

• Ex. Establishing National Parks and reservoir

Conservation

• Strikes a balance between the two aforementioned attitudes.

• Places are important in human survival as taking into account the need to manage the environment wisely. (sustainable development)

As a responsible citizen, we should mainly conserve

• Soil

• Water

• Biodiversity

• Forests

5 Importance of Environmental Conservation

1. To Avoid Exploitation of Natural Resources

2. To Keep Balance in Our Ecosystem

3. To Prevent Human-Caused Natural Disasters

4. To Reduce the Impact of Global Warming

5. To Bring Awareness

Environmental Management

• Management of interaction by the modern human societies with the impact upon the environment.

• An attempt to control human impact on and interaction with the environment in order to preserve natural resources.

• Aims to ensure that ecosystem services are protected and maintained for future human generations.

• Identify factors affected by conflicts that rise between meeting needs and protecting resources.

• It is thus linked to environmental protection and sustainability.

Sustainability

• It involves managing economic, social, and ecological systems within and external to an organizational entity so it can sustain itself and the system it exists in.

• Rather than competing for endless growth on a finite planet, development improves quality of life without necessarily consuming more resources.