Anatomy and Physiology Biochemistry Review

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts from the Anatomy and Physiology Biochemistry Review lecture, helping students review fundamental ideas in biochemistry related to homeostasis, biological molecules, and cell membrane functions.

Homeostasis

The maintenance of stable internal conditions in an organism.

Dehydration Synthesis

A chemical reaction that builds up molecules by losing water molecules.

Hydrolysis

A chemical reaction that breaks down molecules by adding water.

Negative Feedback Loop

A bodily process that works to reverse changes in internal conditions to keep them stable.

Positive Feedback Loop

A process where a small change in your body becomes much bigger.

Selective Permeability

The ability of the cell membrane to allow certain substances to pass while blocking others.

Diffusion

The passive movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Osmosis

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

Facilitated Transport

Passive movement of molecules across a cell membrane with the help of transport proteins, from an area of higher to lower concentration, without requiring energy (ATP).

Active Transport

Movement of molecules across a cell membrane from lower to higher concentration, against the gradient, requiring energy (ATP) through specialized pump proteins.This process enables cells to accumulate essential substances, such as ions and nutrients, even when they are in lower concentrations outside the cell.

Biological Molecules

Molecules necessary for life, including proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids.

Acidosis

A condition resulting from excess acidity in the blood or body tissues.

Starch

A complex carbohydrate made up of long chains of glucose molecules.

Insulin

A hormone that helps regulate glucose levels in the blood.

Proton Pump Inhibitor

Medication that reduces stomach acid production by blocking proton pumps in stomach lining cells.

Ribose

A five-carbon sugar that is a component of RNA and certain other important biomolecules.

Glucose

A simple sugar that serves as a primary energy source for cells.

Polarity of Water

Water's polar nature allows it to dissolve many substances, making it essential for life.