Biochemical

studied byStudied by 2 people
4.0(1)
learn
LearnA personalized and smart learning plan
exam
Practice TestTake a test on your terms and definitions
spaced repetition
Spaced RepetitionScientifically backed study method
heart puzzle
Matching GameHow quick can you match all your cards?
flashcards
FlashcardsStudy terms and definitions

1 / 55

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.

56 Terms

1
Biochemical groupings
nucleic acid - lipids - proteins - carbohydrates
New cards
2
What are carbohydrates?
Glucose - monosaccharides etc
New cards
3
What are Lipids?
Phospholipid molecules - glycerol, fatty acids, phosphate groups
New cards
4
What are Proteins?
Insulin & membrane channels, polypeptides
New cards
5
What is Nucleic acid?
DNA - nucleotides
New cards
6
Overall function of biochemical groups
work together to ensure that body cells have access to glucose for their energy needs
New cards
7
Monosaccharides (carbohydrate)
Glucose, Galactose, fructose, ribose
New cards
8
Disaccharides (carbohydrates)
Maltose, lactose, sucrose
New cards
9
Polysaccharides (carbohydrates)
Starch, glycogen, cellulose
New cards
10
proteins
enzymes, antibodies, peptide hormones
New cards
11
Triglycerides (lipids)
Fat stored in adipose cells
New cards
12
Phospholipids (lipids)
lipids forming a bilayer in cell membrane
New cards
13
Steroids (lipids)
Some hormones
New cards
14
nucleic acids
DNA, RNA, ATP
New cards
15
What do their interactions mean?
all interaction are referred to as metabolism
New cards
16
\
What is metabolisms main goal?
The main goal of metabolism is to convert food into energy and essential molecules needed for the body's growth, maintenance, and functioning.
New cards
17
Hydrolysis
Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction that involves the breaking of a covalent bond in a molecule using water as a reactant.
New cards
18
Galactose + Glucose
Lactose
New cards
19
Starch + water
Glucose
New cards
20
3 fatty acids + glycerol
Triglyceride lipid
New cards
21
Protein + water
Amino acid
New cards
22
\
What is catabolism
Catabolism is the process by which complex molecules are broken down into simpler ones, releasing energy in the process.
New cards
23
what is anabolism
Anabolism is the set of metabolic pathways that build larger molecules from smaller ones, requiring energy. It is the process by which cells synthesize complex molecules like proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, promoting growth and maintenance of body tissues.
New cards
24
what are polar bonds
Covalent bond between oxygen and hydrogen of a single water molecule refers to a polar covalent bond
New cards
25
Which biochemical group is polar?
Carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acid are polar molecules
New cards
26
Monosaccharides
monormer units of carbohydrates and building blocks of disaccharides
New cards
27
trioses (monosaccharides)
containing 3 carbon atoms
New cards
28
Pentose (monosaccharides)
containing 5 carbon atoms
New cards
29
hexoses (monosaccharides)
containing 6 carbon atoms
New cards
30
3 sugars
glucose, galactose, fructose
New cards
31
Glucose + glucose
Maltose
New cards
32
Glucose + fructose
Sucrose
New cards
33
Galactose + glucose
lactose
New cards
34
cellulose
major components of plant cell walls, protection, roots, stems and leaves. Can digest.
New cards
35
Glycogen
Animals store glucose in this form, glycogen is stored in the liver and in muscle tissue
New cards
36
Subcomponents of Starch
Amylopectin and amylase
New cards
37
why do animals store amylopectin
because its soluble
New cards
38
How to tell if something consists of glucose
Add Benedict and heat the solution. color changes from blue to dark orange
New cards
39
saturated fatty acid
solid at room temp and is straight due to no double bond between the C atoms making shape of molecule straight
New cards
40
Mono-saturated fatty acid
has double bond in chain making it bend.
New cards
41
polyunsaturated
has double double bond in structure, liquid at room temperature (twists)
New cards
42
What are Cis fatty acids
Cis fatty acids are a type of unsaturated fatty acids where the hydrogen atoms are on the same side of the carbon-carbon double bond. This results in a bent or "cis" configuration in the molecule. Cis fatty acids are commonly found in natural fats and oils and are typically liquid at room temperature.
New cards
43
What are Trans fatty acids
Trans fatty acids, also known as trans fats, are a type of unsaturated fat that have been chemically altered through a process called hydrogenation. This process converts liquid oils into solid fats, making them more stable and increasing their shelf life. Trans fats are commonly found in processed foods, such as fried foods, baked goods, and margarine.
New cards
44
energy storage in humans
  • storing triglyceride lipids within adipose cells

  • lipids have twice the energy than proteins and carbohydrates

  • stored glucose as polysaccharides (glycogen) in liver and muscle tissue

New cards
45
What are lipids?
Long-term energy storage molecules, insoluble in water so they don’t upset osmotic balance of solutions
New cards
46
how to tell if something consists of lipids
add sudan as an indicator , color changes from yellow-orange to red
New cards
47
characteristics of proteins
made of amino acids

20 different amino acids

production for proteins are endless

metabolism can change amino acids into other

nitrogen needed to devolpe proteins

chain will fold up

dont like water

DNA - RNA - Protein

linked together by condensation
New cards
48
how to tell if something has proteins
Add buiret to solution, color changes to purple if its positive
New cards
49
insuline
protein hormone created by pancreas resulting in decrease of blood sugar levels and an increase of sugar inside body cells
New cards
50
immunoglobin
antibodies
New cards
51
Rhodopsin
pigment in eye used in low light conditions
New cards
52
collagen
main protein competent of connective tissue which is abundant in skin, tendons and ligaments
New cards
53
Primary sector
order of aminos acids
New cards
54
secondary sector
shape of polypeptide chain
New cards
55
tertiary sector
polypeptide chain folds even moe
New cards
56
quaternary structure
more complex even more folded
New cards
robot