Chapter 25- Seedless Plants BIO 112

What are 4 shared characteristics between algae and plants?

Multicellularity, cell walls with cellulose, chloroplasts with same pigments, starch as storage molecule

Life cycle during the Alternation of Generations in which there is a dominant haploid stage

Haplontic

Life cycle during the Alternation of Generations in which there is a dominant diploid stage

Diplontic

What protects the walled haploid spores?

Sporopollenin

What are sporopollenin made?

Sporangium

What are sperm protected in?

Antheridium

What are eggs protected within?

Archegonium

When the roots of plants are continuously dividing

Apical meristems

What are the pores that allow for CO2/ O2 exchange in plants?

Stomata

Chemicals that deter, repel or poison competitors, and herbivores

Secondary metabolites

Mutualism with fungi that helps with water and mineral absorption

Mycorrhizae

What 3 organisms are within the group “Bryophytes”?

Liverworts, Hornworts, and Mosses

What is the dominant lifecycle form for bryophytes?

Haploid gametophyte

Bryophyte: has elevated gametophytes that resemble trees, reduced or very small sporophytes

Liverworts

Bryophyte: good colonizers of soils, symbiotic relationship with nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria

Hornworts

Bryophyte: inhabits extreme environments, sporophyte grows up from female gamete[hyte to gain elevation for spore dispersal

Mosses

What are the two major groups of Vascular seedless plants?

Lycophytes and Monilophytes

What is the dominant life cycle of Vascular seedless plants?

Diploid sporophyte

What are the 2 structures that Vascular seedless plants use to transport nutrients and water?

Phloem and Xylem

What types of leaves do almost all vascular plants have?

Megaphyll leaves

What are sporophylls?

Leaves modified to bear sporangia

What types of leaves do lycophyte vascular plants have?

Microphylls

What organisms are included in the group Lycophyte?

Club mosses, quillworts, spike mosses

What organisms are included in the group Monilophytes?

Whisk ferns, horsetails, ferns

Monilophyte: dichotomous branching, no true leaves, homosporous, photosynthetic in stem

Whisk ferns

Monilophyte: jointed stems with tiny leaves, srobili, homosporous

Horsetails

Monilophyte: most widespread, large megaphylls, sori on underside of sporophylls

Ferns