Cellular Reproduction Lecture Review

Vocabulary flashcards focused on key terms and definitions related to cellular reproduction and cancer.

Somatic Cells

Typical cells that have 46 chromosomes.

Chromosome

A long DNA molecule with associated proteins.

Gamete

A haploid egg or sperm.

Haploid

Cells that contain a single set of chromosomes; for humans, the haploid number (n) is 23.

Zygote

The fusion of sperm and egg, forming a zygote.

Diploid

Cells that contain two sets of homologous chromosomes (2n) totaling 46.

Karyotype

An orderly display of an individual's chromosomes.

Clone

A group of genetically identical offspring.

Binary Fission

A simple cell division process found in bacteria (prokaryotes).

Mitosis

Cell division found in simpler eukaryotic cells for reproduction and in body cells for replacing older or damaged cells.

Interphase

The phase where cells undergo intense activity preparing for cell division.

Prophase

The stage in mitosis where the nuclear envelope disappears and spindles are formed.

Metaphase

The stage where all chromosomes line up at the center of the cell.

Anaphase

The stage in mitosis where sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of the cell.

Telophase

The final stage of mitosis where chromatids arrive at the poles, decondense, and two daughter cells are formed.

Cytokinesis

The division of the cytoplasm that results in two identical daughter cells.

Meiosis

A unique cell division found in eukaryotic cells for sexual reproduction that increases genetic diversity.

Crossing Over

The process in prophase I of meiosis where portions of newly formed chromosomes exchange genes.

Malignant Tumor

A new growth that migrates and invades other tissues, known as cancer.

Benign Tumor

A new growth incapable of metastasis (migration).

Neoplasm

A new growth in the body.

Carcinoma

Cancer of epithelial tissues.

Sarcroma

Cancer of connective tissues or muscle.

Leukemia

Cancer of the white blood cells.

Metastasis

The process where cancer cells spread from the original site to other areas of the body.

Lymph Nodes

Structures that filter lost fluids from blood vessels.