Skin and Eye Infections, MRSA, and Maculopapular Rashes

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and definitions related to the urinary, reproductive, skin, and eye systems, along with prevalent diseases and infection prevention strategies.

Skin infections

Infections that occur on the skin, often caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi.

Natural defenses

The body's innate mechanisms to protect against infections, including skin barriers and immune responses.

Normal microbiota

The community of microorganisms that normally inhabit the skin and other body sites.

MRSA

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus, a type of bacteria resistant to many antibiotics.

Maculopapular rash

A rash that has both flat and slightly raised areas, characteristic of certain viral infections.

Epidermis

The outermost layer of skin, consisting of dead cells.

Dermis

The layer of skin beneath the epidermis that contains blood vessels, hair follicles, and glands.

Stratum corneum

The outermost layer of the epidermis, composed of dead skin cells.

Keratinocytes

The predominant cell type in the epidermis, responsible for producing keratin.

Sebum

The oily substance produced by sebaceous glands that helps protect the skin.

Antimicrobial peptides

Proteins produced by the skin that can kill microbes.

Lysozyme

An enzyme that can break down bacterial cell walls.

Cellulitis

A fast-spreading infection of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue.

Exfoliation

The shedding of dead skin cells from the outer layer of skin.

Staphylococcus aureus

A type of bacteria that can cause skin infections and is often resistant to antibiotics.

Group B Streptococcus

A type of bacteria that can cause infections in newborns.

Fomites

Inanimate objects that can carry infectious agents.

Pustule

A small, inflamed, pus-filled blister on the skin.

Complications of measles

Serious health issues that can arise from measles infection, such as pneumonia and encephalitis.

Vaccination

The administration of a vaccine to promote immunity against a disease.

Congenital rubella syndrome

A condition resulting from rubella infection during pregnancy, leading to severe birth defects.

Herpes virus

A type of virus that can remain dormant in the body and cause illnesses such as chickenpox and shingles.

Incubation period

The time between exposure to an infection and the appearance of symptoms.

Droplet transmission

Spread of infectious agents through respiratory droplets.

Shingles

A reactivation of the chickenpox virus, causing a painful rash.

Immune response

The body's defensive reaction to pathogens.

Supportive care

Treatment aimed at relieving symptoms without addressing the underlying cause.

Chickenpox

A highly contagious viral infection characterized by a rash and fever.

Sequelae

Secondary conditions that can arise following an initial disease.

Pathogenicity tests

Tests conducted to determine the virulence of a pathogen.

Clinical presentation

The symptoms and signs displayed by a patient that can assist in diagnosing an illness.

Salty sweat

Sweat that can have inhibitory effects on certain microorganisms.

Skin microbiome

The collective genomes of the microorganisms residing on the skin.

Bacterial lysis

The breakdown of bacterial cells, leading to their destruction.

Immune-mediated damage

Tissue damage resulting from an immune response to an infection.

Vaccination rates

The percentage of individuals that have received vaccines for specific diseases.

Sebaceous glands

Glands in the skin that secrete oil (sebum) to protect the skin.

Infectious agents

Pathogens that can cause disease, including bacteria, viruses, fungi.

Glycoproteins

Proteins with carbohydrate groups attached that can be involved in cell signaling or immune responses.

Infectious disease prevention

Strategies implemented to stop the spread of diseases.

Personal hygiene

Practices that individuals engage in to maintain health and prevent disease transmission.

Microbial metabolism

The chemical processes that occur within microorganisms to convert food into energy.

Immunocompromised

A condition in which the immune system is weakened and less effective at fighting infections.

Adverse effects

Unintended and often harmful results of treatment or interventions.

Skin infections

Infections that occur on the skin, often caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi.

Natural defenses

The body's innate mechanisms to protect against infections, including skin barriers and immune responses.

Normal microbiota

The community of microorganisms that normally inhabit the skin and other body sites.

MRSA

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus, a type of bacteria resistant to many antibiotics.

Maculopapular rash

A rash that has both flat and slightly raised areas, characteristic of certain viral infections.

Epidermis

The outermost layer of skin, consisting of dead cells.

Dermis

The layer of skin beneath the epidermis that contains blood vessels, hair follicles, and glands.

Stratum corneum

The outermost layer of the epidermis, composed of dead skin cells.

Keratinocytes

The predominant cell type in the epidermis, responsible for producing keratin.

Sebum

The oily substance produced by sebaceous glands that helps protect the skin.

Antimicrobial peptides

Proteins produced by the skin that can kill microbes.

Lysozyme

An enzyme that can break down bacterial cell walls.

Cellulitis

A fast-spreading infection of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue.

Exfoliation

The shedding of dead skin cells from the outer layer of skin.

Staphylococcus aureus

A type of bacteria that can cause skin infections and is often resistant to antibiotics.

Group B Streptococcus

A type of bacteria that can cause infections in newborns.

Fomites

Inanimate objects that can carry infectious agents.

Pustule

A small, inflamed, pus-filled blister on the skin.

Complications of measles

Serious health issues that can arise from measles infection, such as pneumonia and encephalitis.

Vaccination

The administration of a vaccine to promote immunity against a disease.

Congenital rubella syndrome

A condition resulting from rubella infection during pregnancy, leading to severe birth defects.

Herpes virus

A type of virus that can remain dormant in the body and cause illnesses such as chickenpox and shingles.

Incubation period

The time between exposure to an infection and the appearance of symptoms.

Droplet transmission

Spread of infectious agents through respiratory droplets.

Shingles

A reactivation of the chickenpox virus, causing a painful rash.

Immune response

The body's defensive reaction to pathogens.

Supportive care

Treatment aimed at relieving symptoms without addressing the underlying cause.

Chickenpox

A highly contagious viral infection characterized by a rash and fever.

Sequelae

Secondary conditions that can arise following an initial disease.

Pathogenicity tests

Tests conducted to determine the virulence of a pathogen.

Clinical presentation

The symptoms and signs displayed by a patient that can assist in diagnosing an illness.

Salty sweat

Sweat that can have inhibitory effects on certain microorganisms.

Skin microbiome

The collective genomes of the microorganisms residing on the skin.

Bacterial lysis

The breakdown of bacterial cells, leading to their destruction.

Immune-mediated damage

Tissue damage resulting from an immune response to an infection.

Vaccination rates

The percentage of individuals that have received vaccines for specific diseases.

Sebaceous glands

Glands in the skin that secrete oil (sebum) to protect the skin.

Infectious agents

Pathogens that can cause disease, including bacteria, viruses, fungi.

Glycoproteins

Proteins with carbohydrate groups attached that can be involved in cell signaling or immune responses.

Infectious disease prevention

Strategies implemented to stop the spread of diseases.

Personal hygiene

Practices that individuals engage in to maintain health and prevent disease transmission.

Microbial metabolism

The chemical processes that occur within microorganisms to convert food into energy.

Immunocompromised

A condition in which the immune system is weakened and less effective at fighting infections.

Adverse effects

Unintended and often harmful results of treatment or interventions.

Impetigo

A highly contagious bacterial skin infection, common in children, characterized by red sores that quickly rupture and ooze, then form a yellowish-brown crust. Often caused by Staphylococcus\;aureus or Streptococcus\;pyogenes.

Tinea (Ringworm)

A common fungal infection of the skin, hair, or nails, characterized by a circular rash with clearer skin in the middle. Not caused by a worm.

Langerhans Cells

Immune cells residing in the epidermis that function as antigen-presenting cells, playing a crucial role in initiating skin immune responses.

Skin's acidic pH

The slightly acidic nature of the skin's surface (average pH of 4.7-5.7), which helps inhibit the growth of many pathogenic microorganisms.

Topical Antimicrobials

Medications applied directly to the skin to treat localized infections, such as creams, ointments, or lotions containing antibiotics, antifungals, or antivirals.