Ancient Civilizations: Egypt, Hittites, Assyria, Neo-Babylonia, and Persia

These flashcards cover the key concepts, figures, and legacies of ancient civilizations, focusing on Egypt, Hittites, Assyria, Neo-Babylonia, Persia, and Greece.

What is the concept of Ma’at in ancient Egyptian belief?

The concept of cosmic balance and justice that must be upheld by the Pharaoh.

What impact did the Nile have on Egyptian agriculture and culture?

It provided predictable flooding and fertile land, making Egypt a breadbasket and fostering a positive view of the afterlife.

What was unique about the Assyrian view of their god Asur?

Asur was seen as the king, mountain, and city; he could not leave the city.

What distinguishes Zoroastrianism's worldview?

It views the universe as a constant struggle between truth (ARTA) and lies (Drauga).

What was the New Year's Festival in Neo-Babylonian culture?

It was the most important festival, involving rituals like the washing of the mouths and humbling the king.

What economic system did the ancient Egyptians primarily rely on?

A strong agricultural system supported by trade and tax in kind, without coinage.

How did the Assyrian military differ from the Egyptian military?

The Assyrians had a professional army with advanced technology, while the Egyptians initially had required military service without a professional army.

What was the significance of Hammurabi's code?

It introduced the only real state of unity in the old Babylonian period and formalized laws.

Who was Nebuchadnezzar and what was he known for?

He was the main monarch of the Neo-Babylonian empire, known for the destruction of Judah and massive building projects.

How did the Greeks view their gods in terms of humanism?

They believed the gods had human-like qualities and were subject to fate, emphasizing human agency.

What were the two main economic systems of the Greek city-states?

Athens used coined money facilitating trade, while Sparta relied on iron bars, limiting trade.

What military strategy was commonly used by Greek polises?

The phalanx formation, highlighting individual and communal responsibility.

Who was Cleisthenes and his contribution to Athenian democracy?

He was a statesman who reformed the government, creating a more democratic assembly and council.

What was the significance of Alexander the Great's conquests?

He established one of the largest land empires of the ancient world and aimed for the Hellenization of much of it.

What is one of the lasting legacies of ancient Greece?

Art, architecture, democracy, philosophy, math, and science.