Video Notes: Material Properties and Biomaterials - Fill-in-the-Blank Flashcards

Set of fill-in-the-blank flashcards covering material science fundamentals and biomaterials concepts from the notes.

A material must be able to maintain its size and shape; it must be a '' structure.

solid

Composite materials consist of a polymer matrix and a matrix.

ceramic

Proof test is a test performed on all products to exclude pieces.

defective

Metals are often totally (recyclable).

recyclable

An ecological production aims for long-lasting products; materials with long time life have a longer life.

life

Stress is the ratio between the force applied to a material by loading it and its .

cross-sectional area

Strain is the change of shape; it can be elastic or .

plastic

Stiffness is the resistance to change of shape and is measured by the .

elastic modulus

Strength is the resistance to permanent distortion or total .

failure

Toughness is the energy the material takes to .

break

Young modulus is the proportionality constant between stress and strain in the linear-elastic region; it is denoted as .

Young modulus (E)

For polymers, time and temperature are relevant for the value of .

Young modulus

For metals, a constant value of Young modulus can be assumed over a large range of temperatures, but it still depends on the .

temperature

In composites, you can design material properties by combining two materials; an example is to tailor the modulus.

Young's

Stiffness and strength are material properties; stiffness is measured by the elastic modulus (E) and the yield strength is the stress to plastic .

deformation

Tensile strength is also called the (uts).

ultimate tensile stress

Ceramics have covalent or ionic bonds that are strong, localized and .

directional

Ceramics can be polycrystalline and/or .

amorphous

Advanced ceramics rely on to densify powders without melting.

sintering

Ceramics feature high compression resistance but poor strength.

tensile

Ceramics show brittle .

fracture

Ceramics are excellent electrical and thermal .

insulation

Ceramics: thermal insulation increases with (porosity).

porosity

Advanced ceramics examples include alumina, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, and zirconia; they resist high .

temperature

Traditional ceramics involve extraction of raw sources, preparation, shaping, drying and cooking; typical components include quartz, mullite and .

glass

Polymers are long chains formed by the union of many .

monomers

Polymers can be semi-crystalline or amorphous and can be homopolymers or ; copolymers contain different monomers.

copolymers

Thermosetting polymers form strong chemical bonds during production; after curing they cannot be melted or .

deformed

Thermoplastic polymers have weak interchain bonds and can be melted and .

reformed

Elastomers have a low and their chains are connected by few covalent bonds.

Young modulus

Amorphous polymers are like organic glass; semicrystalline polymers have an amorphous part in a rubber state due to the crystalline portion.

toughness

Glass transition temperature Tg is the temperature at which the amorphous portion transitions from hard to rubbery; Tg is always lower than the temperature.

melting

Thermoforming: heating a thermoplastic sheet to a forming temperature and forming in a mold; it weakens the shorter chains rather than melting the entire .

structure

Polymers have density typically below g/cm^3.

1

Electrical conductivity of polymers is generally very low; high current densities can raise temperature via the Joule effect; conductivity can be increased by adding conductive .

fillers

Thermoplastic matrices are often used with fibers; thermosetting matrices wet fibers well and enable good transfer.

stress

Ashby diagrams show that Foams have low modulus and very low density; elastomers have low modulus and density.

low

Stiffness vs strength: Ceramics generally have high stiffness but low .

strength

Biomaterial classification by effect includes Biostable, Biodegradable, Biohazardous, Bioactive, Bioinert, and Bioabsorbable; Biostable means there is no macroscopic .

effect

Biodegradable biomaterials have the capability to degrade and be .

absorbed

Bioactive biomaterials elicit a specific biological at the interface.

response