SBAC Formulas

Two Way Table

A frequency table for two categorical variables.

Frequency Table

Organizes data to show frequencies of categories.

Categorical Variables

Variables that represent categories or groups.

Percentage to Decimal Conversion

Divide percentage by 100 to convert.

Slope

The steepness of a line in a graph.

One Solution

Only one value satisfies the equation.

Infinite Solutions

Any value satisfies the equation.

No Solutions

No value satisfies the equation.

Intersecting Lines

Lines that cross at one point.

Parallel Lines

Lines with the same slope, different intercepts.

Systems of Equations

Set of equations with common variables.

Y-Intercept

The point where a line crosses the y-axis.

False Equation

An equation that has no true solutions.

True Equation

An equation that holds true for all values.

Example Calculation

25% of 180 equals 45.

Perfect Square

A number that is the square of an integer.

1²

The square of 1, equals 1.

2²

The square of 2, equals 4.

3²

The square of 3, equals 9.

√38

Square root of 38, approximately 6.

Perfect Cube

A number that is the cube of an integer.

1³

The cube of 1, equals 1.

2³

The cube of 2, equals 8.

3³

The cube of 3, equals 27.

Functions

Relations where each input has one output.

1:1 Function

A function with unique outputs for each input.

Vertical Line Test

Graph test to determine if a relation is a function.

Not a Function

A relation with repeating x-values.

Output

The result of a function for a given input.

Input

The value put into a function.

Rational Numbers

Expressible as a fraction of integers.

Irrational Numbers

Cannot be expressed as simple fractions.

Integers

Whole numbers, both positive and negative.

Negative Numbers

Numbers less than zero.

Terminating Decimals

Decimals that end after a finite number.

Recurring Decimals

Decimals that repeat indefinitely.

Reflections

Flips over a specified line.

Rotations

Turns around a specific point.

Translations

Slides an object to a new location.

Dilations

Enlarges or reduces a figure's size.

Pre-image

Original figure before transformation.

Image

Resulting figure after transformation.

Congruent Shapes

Identical shapes with equal angles and sides.

Similar Shapes

Shapes with same angles but different sizes.

Prime Symbol

Indicates transformed points in geometry.

Transformation

Operation changing the position or size of a figure.

Polygon

A closed figure with straight sides.

Interior Angle Sum

Sum of angles is (n-2)180°.

Exterior Angle Sum

Sum of exterior angles is always 360°.

Volume of Cylinder

Calculated using V=πr²h formula.

Volume of Sphere

Calculated using V=(4/3)πr³ formula.

Volume of Cone

Calculated using V=(1/3)πr²h formula.

Triangle Angle Sum

All triangle angles total 180 degrees.

Pythagorean Theorem

a² + b² = c² for right triangles.

Supplementary Angles

Two angles summing to 180 degrees.

Complementary Angles

Two angles summing to 90 degrees.

Vertical Angles

Opposite angles formed by intersecting lines are equal.

Slope Intercept Form

y = mx + b defines a line's slope.

Slope Formula

m = (y2 - y1) / (x2 - x1).

Line of Best Fit

Linear model representing data trend in scatter plot.