Year 8 Cells Test

What are the main parts of a light microscope?

Eyepiece, objective lenses, stage, clips, light source, coarse focus knob, fine focus knob, arm, base.

What does the eyepiece do?

t is the part you look through and it magnifies the image (usually 10x)

What do objective lenses do?

They magnify the specimen at different strengths (e.g. 4x, 10x, 40x)

How do you calculate magnification?

Magnification = Eyepiece lens × Objective lens.

What happens to the field of view when magnification increases?

It gets smaller (you see less area).

How does the image look through a microscope compared to the slide?

It is upside down and reversed

What are the 3 types of light microscopes?

Compound microscope, stereo microscope, digital microscope

What is a compound microscope used for?

Viewing very small, thin specimens at high magnification

What is a stereo microscope used for?

Viewing larger objects in 3D at low magnification.

What is a digital microscope?

A microscope that displays the image on a screen.

What are the two main types of eukaryotic cells?

Plant cells and animal cells.

What structures are found in a plant cell?

Cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, vacuole, chloroplasts, mitochondria.

What structures are found in an animal cell?

Cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria (no cell wall or chloroplasts)

What is the function of the nucleus?

Controls the cell and contains DNA

What is the function of the vacuole?

Stores water and keeps the cell firm (in plants).

What is the function of mitochondria?

Releases energy through respiration.

What is the function of the cell wall?

Provides support and protection (plants only).

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Controls what enters and leaves the cell

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

Where chemical reactions happen.

What is a muscle cell adapted for?

Contracting to create movement

What is a nerve cell adapted for?

Sending electrical signals

What is a red blood cell adapted for?

Carrying oxygen.

What is a sperm cell adapted for?

Swimming to fertilise an egg.

What is an egg cell adapted for?

Providing nutrients for a developing embryo.

What is the order of organisation in the body?

Organelles → Cells → Tissues → Organs → Systems.

What is a tissue?

A group of similar cells working together.

What is an organ?

Different tissues working together.

What is a system?

Different organs working together.

How do cells reproduce?

By cell division

What is mitosis?

A process where one cell divides to make two identical cells.

What is binary fission?

A type of cell division in prokaryotic cells where one cell splits into two identical cells.

What are the stages of mitosis

Chromosomes copy, line up, separate, and the cell splits

What is the purpose of mitosis?

To produce two identical cells for growth and repair.