AP Gov Unit #4 Vocab: Public Opinion & Political Culture

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Larry Miller Certified Vocabulary List. Guaranteed to give you a 100% if you look at this for all of 5 minutes.

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46 Terms

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Political Culture

The shared set of beliefs, customs, traditions, and values that define the relationship between citizens and government.

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Individualism

The belief that individuals should be responsible for themselves and for the decisions they make.

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Laissez-Faire / Free Enterprise

An economic system in which government intrudes as little as possible in the transactions among citizens and businesses.

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Rule of Law

The principle that no one, including public officials, is above the law.

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Political Socialization

The experiences and factors that shape out political values, attitudes, and behaviors.

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Political Ideology

An individual’s coherent set of beliefs about government and politics

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Generational Effect

The impact of historical events experienced by a generation upon their political views.

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Life-Cycle Effect

The impact of a person’s age and stage in life on his or her political views.

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Globalization

The increasing interconnectedness of people, businesses, and countries throughout the world.

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Outsourcing

When a company moves its business to a place where labor costs are cheaper or production is more efficient because workers work longer hours.

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Focus Group

A small group of individuals assembled for a conversation about specific issues.

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Scientific Poll

A representative poll of randomly selected respondents with a statistically significant sample size using neutral language.

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Sample

A group of individuals from a larger population used to measure public opinion.

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Random Selection

A method of choosing all poll respondents in a way that does not over- or underrepresent any group of the population.

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Representative Sample

A sample that reflects the demographics of the population.

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Weighting

A procedure in which the survey is adjusted according to the demographics of the larger population.

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Sampling Error

The Margin of Error in a poll, which usually is calculated to plus or minus three percentage points.

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Mass Survey

A survey designed to measure the opinions of the population, usually consisting of 1,500 responses.

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Entrance Survey

A poll conducted of people coming to an event.

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Exit Poll

A survey conducted outside a polling place in which individuals are asked who or what they just voted for and why.

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Benchmark Poll

A survey taken at the beginning of a political campaign in order to gauge support for a candidate and determine which issues are important to voters.

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Tracking Poll

A survey determining the level of support for a candidate or an issue throughout a campaign.

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Random Digit Dialing

The use of telephone numbers randomly generated by a computer to select potential survey respondents.

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Question Order

The sequencing of questions in public opinion polls.

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Question Wording

The phrasing of a question in a public opinion poll.

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Political Ideology

An individual’s coherent set of beliefs about government and politics.

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Right

Something fundamental to which all have access.

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Privilege

Something subject to political process.

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Party Ideology

A party’s philosophy about the proper role of government and its consistent set of positions on major issues.

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Party Identification

An individual’s attachment to a political party.

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Conservatism

An ideology favoring more regulation of social behavior and less government interference in the economy.

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Liberalism

An ideology favoring less government control over social behavior and greater regulation of the economy.

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Libertarianism

An ideology favoring very little government intervention beyond protecting private property and individual liberty.

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Laissez-Faire Economy

An economic system in which government intrudes as little as possible in the transactions among citizens and businesses.

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Command-and-Control Economy

Economic Policy in which government dictates much of a nation’s economic activity, including the amount of production and prices for goods.

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Mixed Economy

Economic policy in which many economic decisions are left to individuals and businesses with the federal government regulating economic activity.

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Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

The total value of goods and services produced by an economy.

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Economic Recession

A period of decline in economic activity, typically defined by two consecutive quarters of negative GDP growth.

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Unemployment Rate

The percentage of people actively looking for work who cannot find jobs.

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Inflation

The rise in the prices of goods and services.

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Consumer Price Index (CPI)

A basket of fixed goods and services over time, used to measure the cost of living.

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Fiscal Policy

Government use of taxes and spending to attempt to lower unemployment, support economic activity, and stabilize the economy.

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Federal Reserve System

A board of governors, Federal Reserve Banks, and member banks responsible for monetary policy.

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Monetary Policy

A set of economic policy tools designed to regulate the amount of money in the economy.

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Medicare

A federal program that provides health insurance to seniors and the disabled.

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Medicaid

A federal program that provides health care for the poor.