Intro To Stats

First Classes: Brief Terminology

Stats

The science of data --> interpret--> analyze to answer a research question

Statistical Question

 A question about a specific parameter ( subjects) that describes the population we aim to evaluate.

Population

The entire group being studied. Usually stated with "ALL"

Sample

A subset of the population. Usually stated with a certain number +- uncertainty. " 1000 Americans"( A subset)

Subject/Participation

The subject or people observed. Usually uses specific wording; for example, "each of the". (focusing on the participant).

Empirical Results

Descriptive Statistics that lead to empirical results; meaning, we have to analyze the observed data from the results and see if it matches the hypothesis.

Statistical inference

:Enables us to ask whether the result "holds" to the whole population

Hypothesis Testing

a decision-making process for evaluating whether the observed data aligns with the hypothesis

P-Value

a decision-making process for evaluating whether the observed data aligns with the hypothesis

Effect Size

How much impact did the intervention have

Point Estimator

a statistic that provides an estimate of a population parameter

Precision

When results are closely consistent with the ideal result

Accuracy

When the average outcomes sum up to the ideal result

Margin of Error

“what’s the precision of that estimate?” —> the margin of error allows us to see the precision of the point estimator

Confidence Interval

A set of plausible values of a pop. parameter Confidence interval +- MOE

How to answer a stats question?

Reproductibility

How easily we can create a reproduction of results

Replication

How easily we can complete the experiment or study and produce & replicate results