Lecture on Personality

Vocabulary flashcards from a lecture on personality, covering key terms and definitions.

Personality

A person’s typical thoughts, emotional responses, and behaviors that are relatively stable over time and across circumstances.

Choleric

One of the four temperaments associated with yellow bile, characterized as ambitious and leader-like.

Melancholic

One of the four temperaments associated with black bile, characterized as thoughtful and considerate but often moody.

Sanguine

One of the four temperaments associated with red blood, characterized as sociable and cheerful.

Phlegmatic

One of the four temperaments associated with white phlegm, characterized as calm and reliable.

Freudian slip

A mistake in speech or writing that reveals an unconscious thought or desire.

Id

The part of the personality that seeks immediate pleasure and avoidance of pain.

Superego

The part of the personality that develops through social interactions, serving as a moral compass.

Ego

The part of the personality that attempts to mediate between the desires of the id and the constraints of the superego.

Defense mechanisms

Unconscious mental strategies that the mind uses to protect itself from distress.

Inferiority complex

A person’s feelings that they lack worth and don’t measure up to the standards of others or of society.

Reciprocal Determinism

The theory that personal factors, behavior, and environmental factors interact with each other to shape personality.

Locus of control

Beliefs about the power we have over our lives, categorized as internal or external.

Big Five personality traits

A model of personality consisting of five core traits: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extroversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism.

Self-Concept

The collection of beliefs about one's own nature, unique qualities, and typical behaviors.

Temperament

Biologically based tendencies to feel or act in certain ways, often evident early in life.

Collective unconscious

A concept developed by Carl Jung, representing a part of the unconscious mind expanding beyond personal experience, holding universal memories and archetypes.

Carl Rogers

A humanistic psychologist who emphasized self-concept and the idea of congruence between ideal self and real self.

Rorschach Inkblot Test

A projective psychological test consisting of 10 inkblots printed on cards, used to analyze a person's thoughts and feelings.

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

A projective test where individuals create stories based on ambiguous pictures, providing unconscious insights.

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

A widely used personality test designed to assess psychological disorders.