Functional Ability Exemplars

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and definitions related to Down syndrome, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and cerebral vascular accidents.

Down Syndrome

A chromosomal abnormality caused by an extra chromosome 21 (trisomy 21).

Trisomy 21

The presence of three copies of chromosome 21, commonly associated with Down syndrome.

Maternal Age Risk Factor for Down Syndrome

Risk of Down syndrome increases after age 35.

Nondisjunction

Failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during cell division, leading to chromosomal abnormalities.

Assessment Cues for Down Syndrome

Distinctive physical features, intellectual disability, congenital heart malformations, developmental delays.

Cardiac Evaluation

Diagnostic procedure to check for congenital heart defects in patients with Down syndrome.

Early Intervention

Services designed to maximize developmental potential in children with Down syndrome.

Alzheimer's Disease (AD)

A chronic, progressive brain disease affecting memory, thinking, and behavior.

Cognitive Decline

Progressive deterioration of cognitive functions, primarily in Alzheimer's disease.

Executive Function

Higher-level cognitive processes such as judgment, decision-making, and attention span.

Bradykinesia

Slowness of movement, a characteristic symptom in Parkinson's disease.

Lewy Bodies

Abnormal aggregates of protein that develop inside nerve cells, implicated in Parkinson's disease.

Cholinesterase Inhibitors

Medications that delay the destruction of acetylcholine, used in Alzheimer's disease.

Parkinson's Disease

A neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor symptoms due to dopamine deficiency.

MAOI-B Inhibitors

A class of medications used in Parkinson's disease to increase dopamine levels.

Ischemic Stroke

A stroke caused by a blockage in a cerebral artery, leading to brain tissue ischemia.

Cerebral Perfusion

The flow of blood to the brain tissue, crucial for maintaining brain function.

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)

A scale used to assess the level of consciousness in patients.

NIHSS

National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, used to assess the severity of stroke.

Congenital Heart Defects

Abnormalities in the heart structure present from birth, commonly associated with Down syndrome.

Developmental Delays

A delay in reaching developmental milestones in physical, cognitive, or communication domains.

Family Education

Providing families with information on developmental expectations and resources.

Patient Education for AD

Information given to patients and families to manage symptoms and maintain quality of life.

Assistive Technologies

Devices or systems that help individuals perform tasks that might otherwise be difficult.

Safety Precautions

Measures taken to prevent injury in patients with cognitive decline.

Fall Prevention

Strategies and interventions implemented to reduce the risk of falls in at-risk patients.

Anticipatory Guidance

Advice given to families regarding expected developmental milestones.

Cognitive Stimulation

Activities designed to improve cognitive functioning and memory.

Pharyngeal Muscle Involvement

Muscle dysfunction affecting swallowing, commonly seen in advanced Parkinson's disease.

Clinical Diagnosis

Diagnosis based on clinical features and symptoms rather than laboratory tests.

Community Resources

Support services available in the community to assist families and patients.

Neuropsychiatric Problems

Mental health issues that can arise in patients with neurological disorders.