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1
Sources of H+ ions include ________ acid.
Carbonic
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2
One source of H+ ions is ____________ metabolism.
Biological
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3
The accumulation of ________ contributes to the presence of H+ ions.
Organic Matter (OM)
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4
Nitrification is a ___________ that produces H+ ions.
process
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5
___ oxidation is one source of H+ ions.
Sulfur
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6
Acid rain is a significant source of ________ ions.
H+.
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7
Plant uptake of ___________ affects H+ ion levels in the soil.
cations
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8
Active acidity refers to H+ activity in ________.
soil
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9
Active acidity must be neutralized with __________.
lime
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10
The concept of __________ acidity includes exchangeable acidity in soils.
Residual
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11
Sandy soil can exhibit residual acidity of __________ times greater than active acidity.
1000
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12
In clayey soils, residual acidity can be _______________ times greater than active acidity.
50,000-100,000
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13
Acid cations include H+ and ___________ ions.
Al3+
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14
Base cations include Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, NH4+, and _________.
Na+
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15
Effective CEC involves the binding and release of ________ ions.
H+
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16
Buffering capacity provides resistance to change in ________ when acid or base is added.
pH
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17
pH dependent charge can originate from functional groups of _________.
organic matter (OM)
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18
In conditions of Al3+, Mn2+, and H+ toxicity, one potential problem is ___________ inhibition.
root growth.
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19
The equation for Relative Neutralizing Value (RNV%) is _________.
RNV%=FF*CCE.
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20
To meet the lime recommendation of 1 ton of 100% pure CaCO3, the amount of example material needed is _________.
2,824.86 lb.
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21
Gypsum (CaSO4*2H2O) ameliorates ________ toxicity.
Al.
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22
Measuring salinity and sodicity involves TDS, EC, and _________.
ESP.
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23
The water balance equation is represented as P = ________ + SS + D.
ET.
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24
Interception refers to precipitation captured by the plant ________ and its return to the atmosphere.
canopy.
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25
Infiltration is the movement of water into the ________ layer.
soil.
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26
Evapotranspiration (ET) includes both evaporation and _________.
transpiration.
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27
Water use efficiency can be determined by calculating water application efficiency as (amount applied/__________ used) * 100.
amount plant.
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28
Capillary action describes the movement of water _________ against gravity.
upward.
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29
Field capacity is the ________ amount of water held against the pull of gravity.
max.
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30
The permanent wilting point is the point at which the plant can no longer absorb ___________ from the soil.
water.
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