Exam 2

Sources of H+ ions include ________ acid.

Carbonic

One source of H+ ions is ____________ metabolism.

Biological

The accumulation of ________ contributes to the presence of H+ ions.

Organic Matter (OM)

Nitrification is a ___________ that produces H+ ions.

process

___ oxidation is one source of H+ ions.

Sulfur

Acid rain is a significant source of ________ ions.

H+.

Plant uptake of ___________ affects H+ ion levels in the soil.

cations

Active acidity refers to H+ activity in ________.

soil

Active acidity must be neutralized with __________.

lime

The concept of __________ acidity includes exchangeable acidity in soils.

Residual

Sandy soil can exhibit residual acidity of __________ times greater than active acidity.

1000

In clayey soils, residual acidity can be _______________ times greater than active acidity.

50,000-100,000

Acid cations include H+ and ___________ ions.

Al3+

Base cations include Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, NH4+, and _________.

Na+

Effective CEC involves the binding and release of ________ ions.

H+

Buffering capacity provides resistance to change in ________ when acid or base is added.

pH

pH dependent charge can originate from functional groups of _________.

organic matter (OM)

In conditions of Al3+, Mn2+, and H+ toxicity, one potential problem is ___________ inhibition.

root growth.

The equation for Relative Neutralizing Value (RNV%) is _________.

RNV%=FF*CCE.

To meet the lime recommendation of 1 ton of 100% pure CaCO3, the amount of example material needed is _________.

2,824.86 lb.

Gypsum (CaSO4*2H2O) ameliorates ________ toxicity.

Al.

Measuring salinity and sodicity involves TDS, EC, and _________.

ESP.

The water balance equation is represented as P = ________ + SS + D.

ET.

Interception refers to precipitation captured by the plant ________ and its return to the atmosphere.

canopy.

Infiltration is the movement of water into the ________ layer.

soil.

Evapotranspiration (ET) includes both evaporation and _________.

transpiration.

Water use efficiency can be determined by calculating water application efficiency as (amount applied/__________ used) * 100.

amount plant.

Capillary action describes the movement of water _________ against gravity.

upward.

Field capacity is the ________ amount of water held against the pull of gravity.

max.

The permanent wilting point is the point at which the plant can no longer absorb ___________ from the soil.

water.