Economic and Social Systems Flashcards

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts from the lecture notes on economic and social systems.

The Social Question

Challenges that arose with industrialization related to working and living conditions.

Trade Unions

Organizations that demanded higher wages, shorter working hours, and better health protection for workers.

Social Democratic Party

Political party founded to bring workers' concerns into parliament (SAD, later SPD).

Social Legislation (Germany)

First health insurance introduced in 1883.

Factory Act of 1877 (Switzerland)

Swiss law of 1877 banning child, night, and Sunday labor.

SUVA

Swiss national accident insurance fund, transferred from 1918.

AHV

Swiss Old-Age and Survivors' Insurance, constitutional basis approved in 1925.

Command Economy

A economic system where the state controls the means of production.

Communism

An ideology that advocates for a classless society in which the means of production are state-owned.

Karl Marx

A German philosopher who, with Friedrich Engels, is considered a founding father of communist ideology.

Class Antagonism

Society increasingly splitting into the bourgeoisie and the proletariat.

Proletariat

The class of modern workers who must sell themselves piece by piece.

Dictatorship of the Proletariat

The revolutionary transformation period between capitalist and communist society.

Marxism

The original ideology of Marx envisioned a classless society.

Socialism

The precursos to communism, in which reforms have already been implemented

Real Socialism

Characterized by mismanagement, shortages, and state surveillance in socialist states.

Balance communist revolution

Nationalize means of production.

Kulaks

Wealthy farmers who were seen as enemies of the people and killed.

Kolchoz

Private farmers in state-owned operations.

Gulags

Large prison camps where many died.

Revolution

Rapid, radical, and violent change in existing conditions.

Provisorische Regierung

Members of the provisional government (politicians from the Duma)

Desertieren

Troops deserting the Russian army in WW11

Bolschewiki

Members of the Bolshevistic party.

Chefredaktor Pravda

Editor of Pravda (Propagandablatt),

Kolchosenbetriebe

Farmers in state-owned operations

Liberalism

Liberalism is a worldview based on the principle of maximizing individual freedom.

Constitutional Liberalism

Ensuring that the constiution protects citizens from the state, recognizing certain inalienable rights, such as the right to freedom, life, and property.

Social Liberalism

It advocates for state-provided education to ensure equal opportunities for all.

Capitalism

Private ownership of the means of production

Economic Liberalism

According to Adam Smirth, the state should have no control over the economy

Free Market Economy

The economy is controlled by the invisible hand.

Social Market Economy

The goal of the theorists of the social market economy is to combine advantages of a free market economy with the welfare state.

Economic Policy

To intervene in a corrective and complementary manner in the economic process.

Keynesianism

During times of economic hardship to stimulate growth through various interventions.

Neoliberalism

Emphasis on individual freedom, the free market, an effective competitive order to prevent power monopolies, and a new oreintation of the state

Bill of Rights

I. Freedom of Speech, Press, Religion, Assembly, and Petition

Tariff Policy

Taxes on imported goods

Household in the US

Vacuum cleaners, etc., more time for leisure.

Credit

Widespread use of credit in the US Roaring Twenties

Leisure

More income, Hollywood, 1927 silent films, 1930 comic books and color.

Prohibition (18th Amendment)

1920, sale and production banned, organized crime, 1933.