Pysch Cognition Vocab

Syntax

rules for arranging words and phrases

phonemes

smallest unit of sound

morphemes

smallest units of meaning

semantics

meaing of words and sentences

telegraph speech

two word sentences (cookie monster)

Do animals have a broca’s area

yes similar to humans involved in communication

linguistic relativity

language influences how we think and perceive the world

Functional Fixedness

prevents people from seeing objects only in their usual roles

Algorithms

step by step procedures that guarantee a solution but may be slow

Heuristics

mental shortcuts that are faster but less reliable and can lead to errors

Equation for IQ

(Mental age/chronological age) x 100

Reliability with testing

the test produces consistent results over time

Validity with testing

test measures what it claims to measure

Flynn Effect

observed increase in IQs scores over generations

3 theories to explain how we acquire language

Behaviorist: language is learned through reinforcement and imitation

Nativist: humans are born with an innate language acquisition

Interactionist: Language develops through biological readiness + social interaction

Overextension

When a child broadly assumes a word

underextension

when a child narrows a word to a single object

Receptive Vocab

When a child understands a word

Productive Vocab

When a child can say that word