Solid Waste Management

Flashcards on Solid Waste Management

IntEnSE Engineering Review Center

Solid Waste Management Module by Engr. Manny Anthony M. Taguba

RA6969 (Hazardous)

Throwaways from healthcare

Nabubulok

Produces leachate

Znindi

Generates recyclable material

DENR Administrative Order No. 2001-34

Implementing Rules and Regulations of RA 9003

RA 7160-LGCP (1991)

Enjoins LGUs to enforce sanitation laws and prepare a solid waste management program

DAO 1998-50

Adopting the Landfill Site Identification and Screening Criteria for Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Facilities

DAO 1994-28

This Act includes used oil as a separate category and provides that no importation of tanker sludge will be allowed.

RA 6969

Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes Control Act of 1990

RA 6957 as amended by RA 7718 (BUILD-OPERATE-TRANSFER LAW)

This law states that infrastructure and development projects may be implemented by the private sector.

Presidential Decree 825

Providing Penalty for Improper Disposal of Garbage and Other Forms of Uncleanliness

Solid Waste Management

shall refer to the discipline associated with the control of generation, storage, collection, transfer and transport, processing, and disposal of solid wastes.

Waste Generation

Information has to be gathered about the sources of waste, the nature of waste produced by these sources, and their corresponding amounts.

Collection

This entails the regular and systematic gathering of waste from various storage sites and pick-up points.

Transfer and Transport

Intermediate collection sites

National SWM Commission

The Commission is tasked to oversee the implementation of solid waste management plans and prescribe policies to achieve the objectives of RA 9003.

Section 21 - Segregation at Source

The most indispensable element of any effective ESWM Program

Buy-back center

shall refer to a recycling center that purchases or otherwise accepts recyclable materials from the public for the purpose of recycling such materials.

Materials recovery facility

shall include solid waste transfer station or sorting station, drop-off center, a composting facility, and a recycling facility.

Solid waste management facility

shall refer to any resource recovery system or component thereof; any system, program, or facility for resource conservation; any facility for the collection, source separation, storage, transportation, transfer, processing, treatment, or disposal of solid waste.

Transfer stations

shall refer to those facilities utilized to receive solid wastes, temporarily store, separate, convert, or otherwise process the materials in the solid wastes, or to transfer the solid wastes directly from smaller to larger vehicles for transport.

Agricultural waste

shall refer to waste generated from planting or harvesting of crops, trimming or pruning of plants and wastes or run-off materials from farms or fields.

Bulky wastes

shall refer to waste materials which cannot be appropriately placed in separate containers because of either its bulky size, shape or other physical attributes.

Consumer electronics

shall refer to special wastes that include worn-out, broken, and other discarded items such as radios, stereos, and TV sets.

Hazardous waste

shall refer to solid waste or combination of solid waste which because of its quantity, concentration, or physical, chemical or infectious characteristics may cause or pose a substantial hazard to human health or the environment when improperly managed.

Leachate

shall refer to the liquid produced when waste undergo decomposition, and when water percolate through solid waste undergoing decomposition.

Municipal wastes

shall refer to wastes produced from activities within local government units which include a combination of domestic, commercial, institutional and industrial wastes and street litters.

Special wastes

shall refer to household hazardous wastes such as paints, thinners, household batteries, lead-acid batteries, spray canisters and the like.

White goods

shall refer to large worn-out or broken household, commercial, and industrial appliances such as stoves, refrigerators, dishwashers, and clothes washers and dryers collected separately.

Yard waste

shall refer to wood, small or chipped branches, leaves, grass clippings, garden debris, vegetables residue that is recognizable as part of a plant or vegetable and other materials identified by the Commission.

Controlled dump

refers to a disposal site at which solid waste is deposited in accordance with the minimum prescribed standards of dumpsite operation

Disposal site

shall refer to a site where solid waste is finally discharged and deposited.

Open dump

refers to a disposal area wherein the solid wastes are indiscriminately thrown or disposed of without due planning and consideration for environmental and health standards

Sanitary landfill

shall refer to a waste disposal site designed, constructed, operated and maintained in a manner that exerts engineering control over significant potential environmental impacts.

Segregation

shall refer to sorting and segregation of different materials found in solid waste in order to promote recycling and re-use of resources.

Source reduction

shall refer to the reduction of solid waste before it enters the solid waste stream by methods such as product design, materials substitution, materials re-use and packaging restrictions.

Source separation

shall refer to the sorting of solid waste into some or all of its component parts at the point of generation.

Generation

shall refer to the act or process of producing solid waste.

Collection

shall refer to the act of removing solid waste from the source or from a common storage point.

Storage

shall refer to the interim containment of solid waste after generation and prior to collection for ultimate recovery or disposal.

Composting

shall refer to the systematic decomposition of organic matter by micro-organisms, mainly bacteria and fungi, into a humus-like product.

Open burning

shall refer to the thermal destruction of wastes by means of direct exposure to fire.

Waste diversion

shall refer to activities which reduce or eliminate the amount of solid wastes from waste disposal facilities.

Disposal

shall refer to the discharge, deposit, dumping, spilling, leaking or placing of any solid waste into or in any land.

Recycling

shall refer to the treating of used or waste materials through a process of making them suitable for beneficial use and for other purposes.

Resource conservation

shall refer to the reduction of the amount of solid waste that are generated or the reduction of overall resource consumption.

Resource recovery

shall refer to the collection, extraction or recovery of recyclable materials from the waste stream for the purpose of recycling.

Re-use

shall refer to the process of recovering materials intended for the same or different purpose without the alteration of physical and chemical characteristics.

Post-consumer material

shall refer only to those materials or products generated by a business or consumer which have served their intended end use.

Recovered material

shall refer to material and by-products that have been recovered or diverted from solid waste for the purpose of being collected, processed and used as a raw material.

Recycled material

shall refer to post-consumer material that has been recycled and returned to the economy.

Recyclable material

shall refer to any waste material retrieved from the waste stream and free from contamination that can still be converted into suitable beneficial use or for other purposes.

Opportunity to recycle

shall refer to the act of providing a place for collecting source-separated recyclable material.

Ecological solid waste management

shall refer to the systematic administration of activities which provide for segregation at source, segregated transportation, storage, transfer, processing, treatment, and disposal of solid waste.

Environmentally acceptable

shall refer to the quality of being re-usable, biodegradable or compostable, recyclable and not toxic or hazardous to the environment.

Environmentally preferable

shall refer to products or services that have a lesser or reduced effect on human health and the environment.

Non-infectious dry waste

Black

Non-infectious wet waste

Green

Infectious and pathological waste

Yellow

Chemical waste including heavy metals

Yellow with black band

Radioactive waste

Orange

Sharps and pressurized containers

Red

NIMBY

Not In My Back Yard

Man

is the major waste generator; thus population increase is directly proportional to the amount of waste generated.

PETE

Polyethylene terephthalate

HPDE

High density PE

PVC

Polyvinyl Chloride

LDPE

Low density PE

PP

Polypropylene

PS

Polystyrene

W

Weight in each classification

M

Number of particles in each classification

Field capacity (FC)

Total amount of moisture that can be retained in a waste sample subject to the downward pull of gravity.

Fusing point of ash

Defined as that temperature at which the ash resulting from the burning of waste will form a solid (clinker) by fusion and agglomeration.

Water-soluble constituents

sugars, starches, amino acids and various organic acids

Hemicellulose

a condensation product of five- and six-carbon sugars

Cellulose

a condensation product of the six-carbon sugar glucose

Fats, oils and waxes

which are esters of alcohols and long-chain fatty acids

Lignin

a polymeric material containing aromatic rings with methoxyl groups (-OCH3)

Lignocellulose

a combination of lignin and cellulose

Proteins

composed of chains of amino acids

INTEGRATED SWM

the selection and application of suitable techniques, technologies and management programs to achieve specific waste management objectives.

3Es

Engineering, Education, Enterprise

First Arrow

Source Reduction

Dumping at designated location

Waste Pooling site

Block collection

Collector sounds horn or rings bell and waits at specified locations for residents to bring waste to the collection vehicle.

Curbside Collection

Waste is left outside property in a container and picked up by passing vehicle, or swept up and collected by sweeper.

Section 32 of RA 9003

Establishment of LGU Materials Recovery Facility

The building and/or land layout and equipment must be designed to

address efficient and safe materials processing, movement, and storage

The MRF shall receive

Mixed waste for final sorting, segregation, composting, and recycling

SWM Treatment

Gasification

Incineration

An engineered process using controlled flame combustion to thermally degrade waste materials

Important parameters on Incineration

Temperature, Time, Turbulence, Oxygen (Availability of oxygen)

Rotary Kiln Incinerator

is manufactured with a rotating combustion chamber that keeps waste moving, thereby allowing it to vaporize for easier burning.

Moving grate Incinerator

The moving grate enables the movement of waste through the combustion chamber to be optimized to allow a more efficient and complete combustion.

Pyrolysis

It is a destructive distillation or combustion in the absence of oxygen.

Slow Pyrolysis

Proceeds at a very slow rate of temperature increase, generally less than 1°C/sec, and the final temperature range is between 500 and 750°C

Intermediate Pyrolysis

Takes place at a more rapid temperature rise of 5 to 100°C/sec and reaches temperatures of between 750°C and and 1000°C

Rapid Pyrolysis

Occurs when the temperature rise is fast between 500°C and and 106°C/sec.

Flash Pyrolysis

Temperature rise is essentially instantaneous of over 106°C/sec.