Body Organization

Body organization and how they build up on eachother

Cells (Cannot work alone and are what the body is made up of)

Tissues (similar cells built up and organized together

Organs (2 or more tissues that cannot work alone)

Organ system (2 or more organs working together)

Study of body structure

Anatomy

Study of the function

physiology

When the body's systems (organ systems) are balanced.

If one is affected, then they are all affected

Homeostasis

What are the three main parts of the cell

CELL MEMBRANE

-outer layer, permeable, lets substances pass

CYTOPLASM

-liquid containing cell structures

-Mitochondria- powerhouse of the cell ATP/energy

NUCLEUS

-holds DNA

The molecule that carries genetic instructions in all living things.

a long strand of genes

DNA

A portion of DNA that determines body traits and is hereditary

recessive/dominant traits passed down

Genes

The transfer of genetic traits from parent to child

Hereditary

How many chromosomes do we have

46 chromosomes, 22 pairs, 44 total

One pair of sex chromosomes: X and Y

Male vs Female Chromosomes

Male: XY

Female: XX

4 tissue types

epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

Which tissue type is:

Most abundant tissue that COVERS and protects the body/ most organs

protects against invading pathogens and toxins

secretes enzymes

absorbs nutrients

Epithelial Tissue

Which tissue type is:

Responsible for what we feel

Located in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves

-Sends impulses or electrical messages to the nerve endings, muscles, and glands in the body

Nervous Tissue

Which tissue type is:

Contracts and relaxes and includes the

Skeletal muscle

Smooth muscle

Cardiac muscle

Muscle tissue

Which tissue type is:

Supports, protects, and gives structure to other tissues and organs in the body.

- Stores Fats

- Helps move nutrients and substances between tissues and organs

- Helps repair damaged tissue

-Most abundant

Connective Tissue

Cartilage: Joints, muscles

Adipose: Fat

Blood: Composed of red and white blood cells, platelets, and plasma

usseous (bone) Tissue

Connective tissue

Muscle that is:

-Attached to the skeleton

-Striated

-Voluntary

Skeletal muscle

Which tissue type is:

- located in walls of hollow organs, walls og blood vessels, and the dermis of skin.

- located in hollow organs like the stomach and esophagus

- Involuntary

Smooth Muscle

Which tissue type is:

- Located in the wall of the heart

- Striated

- involuntary

Cardiac Muscle

Adipose Tissue

Which organ system:

- The bodies 1ST DEFENSE against illness and injury

- Regulates temperature

- Excretion- cools (perspiration)

- Sensation

Integumentary System - Skin and Accessory Organs

Which organ system:

- Gives the body structure and stability

- Protects organs from injury

- works hand in hand with the muscular system

Skeletal System- bones and joints

Which organ system:

- Responsible for movement

- Works hand in hand with the skeletal system

Muscular system- muscles and connecting structures

Which organ system:

- prevents infections w/ the help of white blood cells

Lymphatic system- lymph nodes, spleen

Which organ system:

- Moves air, breathing

- Delivers oxygen and eliminates carbon dioxide

Respiratory system- lungs and airways

Which organ system:

- liver and pancreas contribute

- Provides and delivers nutrients

Digestive System: Mouth, esophagus, stomach, and intestines

Which organ system:

- Controls all other body systems

Nervous System- Brain, spinal cord, nerves

Which organ system:

- Pancreas, pituitary, adrenal, thyroid glands

-Exocrine glands: release hormones into the ducts

-Endocrine glands: release hormones into the bloodstream

Endocrine System- Glands that secrete Hormones

Which organ system:

- pumps blood, provides necessary nutrients, and eliminates waste

Cardiovascular system- heart and blood vessels

Which organ system:

- filters blood, removes waste

Urinary system- kidneys, bladder

Which organ system:

- Achieves fertilization, produces offspring

Female and male reproductive system- ovaries, uterus, vagina, testes, penis

Describes the location of body parts and various body regions

Anatomical terminology

Anatomical position

Facing forward, body straight, palms forward

Directional Anatomical terms:

Superior

above

Directional Anatomical terms:

inferior

below

Directional Anatomical terms:

proximal

closer to the attachment

Directional Anatomical terms:

Distal

farther from attachment

Directional Anatomical terms:

Medial

middle of the body

Directional Anatomical terms:

Lateral

Side of the body- farther from the midline

Directional Anatomical terms:

Ventral

Toward the front of the body (Anterior, coronal, or frontal)

Directional Anatomical terms:

Dorsal

Toward the back of the body (Posterior)

Directional Anatomical terms:

Sagittal/ midsagittal

- divides the body into right and left sides

-midline through center of the body

Directional Anatomical terms:

Transverse

- Divides the body into a top and bottom

(superior and inferior)

Directional Anatomical terms:

Body Cavities:

Cranial

brain

Body Cavities:

Spinal

Continuation of cranial, spine

Body Cavities: Thoracic

chest

-lungs, heart, major vessels

Body Cavities: Abdominal

abdomen

-liver, intestines, colon

Body Cavities: Pelvic

bladder

Body Cavities

Abdominopelvic Regions

RUQ- Right upper quadrant (pain- gallbladder)

RLQ- Right lower quadrant (Pain- appendix)

LUQ- Left Upper quadrant (Pain- spleen)

LLQ- Left Lower quadrant (Pain - constipation)