Labs/Diagnostics

CBC

1. RBC

2. Hemoglobin

3. Hematocrit

4. White Blood Cell count

1. RBC

4.35 - 5.65

2. Hemoglobin

13 - 18 mg/dL

3. Hematocrit

36 - 50

4. White Blood Cell count

4500 - 11000

What does hb tell us?

if a client is bleeding (low hb)

What does WBC tell us?

if there is inflammation/infection (high WBC)

Anemia

monitor hematocrit, hemoglobin, and RBCs

Coagulation Studies

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-platelet count (150,000 - 450,000)

-D-Dimer if PE concerned

Cardiac Markers

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-Troponin (<.05) = cardiac muscle damage/ischemia within 2-3 hours

-BNP (<100) = increase pressure or overload in heart

Blood Chemistry

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-Electrolytes

-Glucose (70-100)

-Hemoglobin A1C (<5.7) = evaluate blood sugar over 2-3 months

• diabetic, NPO, malnutrition, neuro changes = glucose level

• diabetic = Hgb A1C

Kidney Function Tests

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-

-BUN (10-20 mg/dL)

-Creatinine (0.5 - 1.3 mg/dL)

Lipid Profile

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-LDL - bad

-HDL - good

-Triglycerides

-Liver function tets: Albumin, ALT, AST, Bilirubin**

Stool sample

fecal occult blood test - determine blood in GI tract

X-Ray

visualize bone, organ, and soft tissue abnormalities

ex: twisted ankle, broken bone, swelling around joint

CT

cross-sectional images of organs

MRI

superconducting magnet to provide cross-sectional imaging without radiation

-better imaging of blood vessels and signs of hemorrhage

-no for IV/ventilator/implanted device/retained metal

-require strict screening checklist

-for further diagnostic testing

Ultrasound

use reflection ultrasonic waves to provide visualization of soft tissue organs

-show blood flow, shape, size, and location of structures

ex: DVT, ascites, pregnant, ovarian cyst

Endoscopy

interior of organ using fiber optic scope

UPPER GI tract

Colonoscopy

interior of organ using fiber optic scope

LOWER GI tract

Sodium

135 - 145 mEq

Potassium

3.5 - 5.0 mEq

Magnesium

1.6 - 2.3 mg/dL

Calcium

9 - 11 mg/dL