Learn: Sleep Waves, Disorders, and Psychoactive Drugs: Key Concepts in Neuroscience | Quizlet

beta waves

Fast, low amplitude brain wave pattern common during alert waking

sleep rebound

tendency for sleep to occur more readily or intensely after sleep deprivation

sleep debt

accumulated sleep loss that results when a person repeatedly gets less sleep than needed

Delta waves

very slow, high amplitude brain waves that dominate deep NREM sleep

Theta waves

Slower brain waves associated with light NREM sleep

Alpha waves

relaxed wakefulness brain waves are often seen when a person is calm with eyes closed

NREM

sleep that is non REM

Sleep spindle

brief burst of rrapid brain activity during NREM stage 2, associated with sleep stability and memory processess

NREM stage 2

Sleep stage characterized by sleep spindles and K-complexes

NREM stage 1

Light transitional sleep in which a person drifts from wakefulness into sleep

REM sleep

Sleep stage with rapid eye movements, wake-like brain activity, vivid dreaming, and strong reducution of skeletal muscle tone

NREM stage 3

deep slow wave sleep dominated by delta activity

K-Complex

Large single brain-wave event during NREM stage 2, sometimes triggered by external stimuli

obstructive sleep apnea

sleep apnea caused by repeated physical blockage or collapse of the upper airway

sleep apnea

sleep disorder involving repeated pauses or reductions in breathing

insomnia

persistent difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or obtaining restorative sleep

parasomnia

category of sleep disorders involving unusual behaviors or experiences during sleep

cataplexy

sudden loss of skeletal muscle tone while awake often triggered by strong emotion and associated with narcolepsy

narcolepsy

sleep disorder involving sudden, difficult to resist sleep episodes and abnormal REM related features.

REM sleep disorder

condition in which normal REM muscle paralysis is reduced, allowing a sleeper to physically act out dreams.

Night terror

Abrupt episode of intense fear and autonomic arousal from deep NREM sleep, often with little later recall

Sleep walking

Parasomnia in which a sleeping person gets up and performs behaviors, usually during deep NREM sleep

Hallucigen

Drug that can produce major changes in perception, thought, and sensory experience

depressent

Psychoactive drug that generally decreases nervous system activity

stimulant

Psychoactive drug that generally increases central nervous system activity and alertness

withdrawl

unpleasant physical or psychological effects that can occur when repeated drug use is reduced or stopped

tolerance

need for a larger dose to produce an effect that was previously produced by a smaller dose

opioid

drug that acts on opioid receptors and can strongly reduce pain while also producing sedation or euphoria

physcoiogical dependance

strong emotional or behavioral reliance on a drug or drug related experience

physical dependance

detection of physical stimulus energy by sensory receptors